The Cross-Border Insolvency Regulations 2006

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(a) the UNCITRAL Model Law;

(b) any documents of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law and its working group relating to the preparation of the UNCITRAL Model Law; and

(c) the Guide to Enactment of the UNCITRAL Model Law (UNCITRAL document A/CN.9/442)[2] prepared at the request of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law made in May 1997.

Modification of British insolvency law
     3. —(1) British insolvency law (as defined in article 2 of the UNCITRAL Model Law as set out in Schedule 1 to these Regulations) and Part 3 of the Insolvency Act 1986[3] shall apply with such modifications as the context requires for the purpose of giving effect to the provisions of these Regulations.

    (2) In the case of any conflict between any provision of British insolvency law or of Part 3 of the Insolvency Act 1986 and the provisions of these Regulations, the latter shall prevail.

Procedural matters in England and Wales
     4. Schedule 2 to these Regulations (which makes provision about procedural matters in England and Wales in connection with the application of the UNCITRAL Model Law as set out in Schedule 1 to these Regulations) shall have effect.

Procedural matters in Scotland
     5. Schedule 3 to these Regulations (which makes provision about procedural matters in Scotland in connection with the application of the UNCITRAL Model Law as set out in Schedule 1 to these Regulations) shall have effect.

Notices delivered to the registrar of companies
     6. Schedule 4 to these Regulations (which makes provision about notices delivered to the registrar of companies under these Regulations) shall have effect.

Co-operation between courts exercising jurisdiction in relation to cross-border insolvency
     7. —(1) An order made by a court in either part of Great Britain in the exercise of jurisdiction in relation to the subject matter of these Regulations shall be enforced in the other part of Great Britain as if it were made by a court exercising the corresponding jurisdiction in that other part.

    (2) However, nothing in paragraph (1) requires a court in either part of Great Britain to enforce, in relation to property situated in that part, any order made by a court in the other part of Great Britain.

    (3) The courts having jurisdiction in relation to the subject matter of these Regulations in either part of Great Britain shall assist the courts having the corresponding jurisdiction in the other part of Great Britain.

Disapplication of section 388 of the Insolvency Act 1986
     8. Nothing in section 388 of the Insolvency Act 1986[4] applies to anything done by a foreign representative—

(a) under or by virtue of these Regulations;

(b) in relation to relief granted or cooperation or coordination provided under these Regulations.

Gerry Sutcliffe
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Employment Relations and Consumer Affairs, Department of Trade and Industry

3rd April 2006



I agree to the making of these Regulations


29th March 2006


Falconer of Thoroton,
C


The Scottish Ministers agree to the making of these Regulations


Allan Wilson
A member of the Scottish Executive

30th March 2006

(a) a company holding an appointment under Chapter 1 of Part 2 of the Water Industry Act 1991[5] (water and sewage undertakers) or a qualifying licensed water supplier within the meaning of section 23(6) of that Act (meaning and effect of special administration order);

(b) Scottish Water established under section 20 of the Water Industry (Scotland) Act 2002 (Scottish Water)[6];

(c) a protected railway company within the meaning of section 59 of the Railways Act 1993[7] (railway administration order) (including that section as it has effect by virtue of section 19 of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link Act 1996[8] (administration));

(d) a licence company within the meaning of section 26 of the Transport Act 2000[9] (air traffic services);

(e) a public private partnership company within the meaning of section 210 of the Greater London Authority Act 1999[10] (public-private partnership agreement);

(f) a protected energy company within the meaning of section 154(5) of the Energy Act 2004[11] (energy administration orders);

(g) a building society within the meaning of section 119 of the Building Societies Act 1986[12] (interpretation);

(h) a UK credit institution or an EEA credit institution or any branch of either such institution as those expressions are defined by regulation 2 of the Credit Institutions (Reorganisation and Winding Up) Regulations 2004[13] (interpretation);

(i) a third country credit institution within the meaning of regulation 36 of the Credit Institutions (Reorganisation and Winding Up) Regulations 2004 (interpretation of this Part);

(j) a person who has permission under or by virtue of Parts 4 or 19 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000[14] to effect or carry out contracts of insurance;

(k) an EEA insurer within the meaning of regulation 2 of the Insurers (Reorganisation and Winding Up) Regulations 2004[15] (interpretation);

(l) a person (other than one included in paragraph 2(j)) pursuing the activity of reinsurance who has received authorisation for that activity from a competent authority within an EEA State; or

(m) any of the Concessionaires within the meaning of section 1 of the Channel Tunnel Act 1987[16].

     3. In paragraph 2 of this article—

(a) in sub-paragraph (j) the reference to "contracts of insurance" must be construed in accordance with—


(i) section 22 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (classes of regulated activity and categories of investment);

(ii) any relevant order under that section; and

(iii) Schedule 2 to that Act (regulated activities);



(b) in sub-paragraph (1) "EEA State" means a State, other than the United Kingdom, which is a contracting party to the agreement on the European Economic Area signed at Oporto on 2 May 1992.

     4. The court shall not grant any relief, or modify any relief already granted, or provide any co-operation or coordination, under or by virtue of any of the provisions of this Law if and to the extent that such relief or modified relief or cooperation or coordination would—

(a) be prohibited under or by virtue of—


(i) Part 7 of the Companies Act 1989[17];

(ii) Part 3 of the Financial Markets and Insolvency (Settlement Finality) Regulations 1999[18]; or

(iii) Part 3 of the Financial Collateral Arrangements (No. 2) Regulations 2003[19];



in the case of a proceeding under British insolvency law; or

(b) interfere with or be inconsistent with any rights of a collateral taker under Part 4 of the Financial Collateral Arrangements (No. 2) Regulations 2003 which could be exercised in the case of such a proceeding.

     5. Where a foreign proceeding regarding a debtor who is an insured in accordance with the provisions of the Third Parties (Rights against Insurers) Act 1930[20] is recognised under this Law, any stay and suspension referred to in article 20(1) and any relief granted by the court under article 19 or 21 shall not apply to or affect—

(a) any transfer of rights of the debtor under that Act; or

(b) any claim, action, cause or proceeding by a third party against an insurer under or in respect of rights of the debtor transferred under that Act.

     6. Any suspension under this Law of the right to transfer, encumber or otherwise dispose of any of the debtor's assets—

(a) is subject to section 26 of the Land Registration Act 2002[21] where owner's powers are exercised in relation to a registered estate or registered charge;

(b) is subject to section 52 of the Land Registration Act 2002, where the powers referred to in that section are exercised by the proprietor of a registered charge; and

(c) in any other case, shall not bind a purchaser of a legal estate in good faith for money or money's worth unless the purchaser has express notice of the suspension.

     7. In paragraph 6—

(a) "owner's powers" means the powers described in section 23 of the Land Registration Act 2002 and "registered charge" and "registered estate" have the same meaning as in section 132(1) of that Act; and

(b) "legal estate" and "purchaser" have the same meaning as in section 17 of the Land Charges Act 1972[22].

Article 2. Definitions

For the purposes of this Law—

(a) "British insolvency law" means—


(i) in relation to England and Wales, provision extending to England and Wales and made by or under the Insolvency Act 1986[23] (with the exception of Part 3 of that Act) or by or under that Act as extended or applied by or under any other enactment (excluding these Regulations); and

(ii) in relation to Scotland, provision extending to Scotland and made by or under the Insolvency Act 1986 (with the exception of Part 3 of that Act), the Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1985[24] or by or under those Acts as extended or applied by or under any other enactment (excluding these Regulations);



(b) "British insolvency officeholder" means—



(i) the official receiver within the meaning of section 399 of the Insolvency Act 1986[25] when acting as liquidator, provisional liquidator, trustee, interim receiver or nominee or supervisor of a voluntary arrangement;

(ii) a person acting as an insolvency practitioner within the meaning of section 388[26] of that Act but shall not include a person acting as an administrative receiver; and

(iii) the Accountant in Bankruptcy within the meaning of section 1 of the Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1985[27] when acting as interim or permanent trustee;



(c) "the court" except as otherwise provided in articles 14(4) and 23(6)(b), means in relation to any matter the court which in accordance with the provisions of article 4 of this Law has jurisdiction in relation to that matter;

(d) "the EC Insolvency Regulation" means Council Regulation (EC) No. 1346/2000 of 29 May 2000 on Insolvency Proceedings[28];

(e) "establishment" means any place of operations where the debtor carries out a non-transitory economic activity with human means and assets or services;

(f) "foreign court" means a judicial or other authority competent to control or supervise a foreign proceeding;

(g) "foreign main proceeding" means a foreign proceeding taking place in the State where the debtor has the centre of its main interests;

(h) "foreign non-main proceeding" means a foreign proceeding, other than a foreign main proceeding, taking place in a State where the debtor has an establishment within the meaning of sub-paragraph (e) of this article;

(i) "foreign proceeding" means a collective judicial or administrative proceeding in a foreign State, including an interim proceeding, pursuant to a law relating to insolvency in which proceeding the assets and affairs of the debtor are subject to control or supervision by a foreign court, for the purpose of reorganisation or liquidation;

(j) "foreign representative" means a person or body, including one appointed on an interim basis, authorised in a foreign proceeding to administer the reorganisation or the liquidation of the debtor's assets or affairs or to act as a representative of the foreign proceeding;

(k) "hire-purchase agreement" includes a conditional sale agreement, a chattel leasing agreement and a retention of title agreement;

(l) "section 426 request" means a request for assistance in accordance with section 426 of the Insolvency Act 1986[29] made to a court in any part of the United Kingdom;

(m) "secured creditor" in relation to a debtor, means a creditor of the debtor who holds in respect of his debt a security over property of the debtor;

(n) "security" means—



(i) in relation to England and Wales, any mortgage, charge, lien or other security; and

(ii) in relation to Scotland, any security (whether heritable or moveable), any floating charge and any right of lien or preference and any right of retention (other than a right of compensation or set off);



(o) in the application of Articles 20 and 23 to Scotland, "an individual" means any debtor within the meaning of the Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1985;

(p) in the application of this Law to Scotland, references howsoever expressed to—



(i) "filing" an application or claim are to be construed as references to lodging an application or submitting a claim respectively;

(ii) "relief" and "standing" are to be construed as references to "remedy" and "title and interest" respectively; and

(iii) a "stay" are to be construed as references to restraint, except in relation to continuation of actions or proceedings when they shall be construed as a reference to sist; and



(q) references to the law of Great Britain include a reference to the law of either part of Great Britain (including its rules of private international law).



Article 3. International obligations of Great Britain under the EC Insolvency Regulation

To the extent that this Law conflicts with an obligation of the United Kingdom under the EC Insolvency Regulation, the requirements of the EC Insolvency Regulation prevail.

(a) the debtor has—


(i) a place of business; or

(ii) in the case of an individual, a place of residence; or

(iii) assets,



situated in that part of Great Britain; or

(b) the court in that part of Great Britain considers for any other reason that it is the appropriate forum to consider the question or provide the assistance requested.

     3. In considering whether it is the appropriate forum to hear an application for recognition of a foreign proceeding in relation to a debtor, the court shall take into account the location of any court in which a proceeding under British insolvency law is taking place in relation to the debtor and the likely location of any future proceedings under British insolvency law in relation to the debtor.

(a) on the ground that it is in whole or in part a penalty, or

(b) on any other ground that a claim might be rejected in a proceeding under British insolvency law.

Article 14. Notification to foreign creditors of a proceeding under British insolvency law

     1. Whenever under British insolvency law notification is to be given to creditors in Great Britain, such notification shall also be given to the known creditors that do not have addresses in Great Britain. The court may order that appropriate steps be taken with a view to notifying any creditor whose address is not yet known.

     2. Such notification shall be made to the foreign creditors individually, unless—

(a) the court considers that under the circumstances some other form of notification would be more appropriate; or

(b) the notification to creditors in Great Britain is to be by advertisement only, in which case the notification to the known foreign creditors may be by advertisement in such foreign newspapers as the British insolvency officeholder considers most appropriate for ensuring that the content of the notification comes to the notice of the known foreign creditors.

     3. When notification of a right to file a claim is to be given to foreign creditors, the notification shall—

(a) indicate a reasonable time period for filing claims and specify the place for their filing;

(b) indicate whether secured creditors need to file their secured claims; and

(c) contain any other information required to be included in such a notification to creditors pursuant to the law of Great Britain and the orders of the court.

     4. In this article "the court" means the court which has jurisdiction in relation to the particular proceeding under British insolvency law under which notification is to be given to creditors.

(a) a certified copy of the decision commencing the foreign proceeding and appointing the foreign representative; or

(b) a certificate from the foreign court affirming the existence of the foreign proceeding and of the appointment of the foreign representative; or

(c) in the absence of evidence referred to in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b), any other evidence acceptable to the court of the existence of the foreign proceeding and of the appointment of the foreign representative.

     3. An application for recognition shall also be accompanied by a statement identifying all foreign proceedings, proceedings under British insolvency law and section 426 requests in respect of the debtor that are known to the foreign representative.

     4. The foreign representative shall provide the court with a translation into English of documents supplied in support of the application for recognition.

(a) it is a foreign proceeding within the meaning of sub-paragraph (i) of article 2;

(b) the foreign representative applying for recognition is a person or body within the meaning of sub-paragraph (j) of article 2;

(c) the application meets the requirements of paragraphs 2 and 3 of article 15; and

(d) the application has been submitted to the court referred to in article 4.

     2. The foreign proceeding shall be recognised—

(a) as a foreign main proceeding if it is taking place in the State where the debtor has the centre of its main interests; or

(b) as a foreign non-main proceeding if the debtor has an establishment within the meaning of sub-paragraph (e) of article 2 in the foreign State.

     3. An application for recognition of a foreign proceeding shall be decided upon at the earliest possible time.

     4. The provisions of articles 15 to 16, this article and article 18 do not prevent modification or termination of recognition if it is shown that the grounds for granting it were fully or partially lacking or have fully or partially ceased to exist and in such a case, the court may, on the application of the foreign representative or a person affected by recognition, or of its own motion, modify or terminate recognition, either altogether or for a limited time, on such terms and conditions as the court thinks fit.

(a) any substantial change in the status of the recognised foreign proceeding or the status of the foreign representative's appointment; and

(b) any other foreign proceeding, proceeding under British insolvency law or section 426 request regarding the same debtor that becomes known to the foreign representative.

Article 19. Relief that may be granted upon application for recognition of a foreign proceeding

     1. From the time of filing an application for recognition until the application is decided upon, the court may, at the request of the foreign representative, where relief is urgently needed to protect the assets of the debtor or the interests of the creditors, grant relief of a provisional nature, including—

(a) staying execution against the debtor's assets;

(b) entrusting the administration or realisation of all or part of the debtor's assets located in Great Britain to the foreign representative or another person designated by the court, in order to protect and preserve the value of assets that, by their nature or because of other circumstances, are perishable, susceptible to devaluation or otherwise in jeopardy; and

(c) any relief mentioned in paragraph 1 (c), (d) or (g) of article 21.

     2. Unless extended under paragraph 1(f) of article 21, the relief granted under this article terminates when the application for recognition is decided upon.

     3. The court may refuse to grant relief under this article if such relief would interfere with the administration of a foreign main proceeding.

(a) commencement or continuation of individual actions or individual proceedings concerning the debtor's assets, rights, obligations or liabilities is stayed;

(b) execution against the debtor's assets is stayed; and

(c) the right to transfer, encumber or otherwise dispose of any assets of the debtor is suspended.

     2. The stay and suspension referred to in paragraph 1 of this article shall be—

(a) the same in scope and effect as if the debtor, in the case of an individual, had been adjudged bankrupt under the Insolvency Act 1986[30] or had his estate sequestrated under the Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1985[31], or, in the case of a debtor other than an individual, had been made the subject of a winding-up order under the Insolvency Act 1986; and

(b) subject to the same powers of the court and the same prohibitions, limitations, exceptions and conditions as would apply under the law of Great Britain in such a case,

and the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article shall be interpreted accordingly.

     3. Without prejudice to paragraph 2 of this article, the stay and suspension referred to in paragraph 1 of this article, in particular, does not affect any right—

(a) to take any steps to enforce security over the debtor's property;

(b) to take any steps to repossess goods in the debtor's possession under a hire-purchase agreement;

(c) exercisable under or by virtue of or in connection with the provisions referred to in article 1(4); or

(d) of a creditor to set off its claim against a claim of the debtor,

being a right which would have been exercisable if the debtor, in the case of an individual, had been adjudged bankrupt under the Insolvency Act 1986 or had his estate sequestrated under the Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1985, or, in the case of a debtor other than an individual, had been made the subject of a winding-up order under the Insolvency Act 1986.

     4. Paragraph 1(a) of this article does not affect the right to—

(a) commence individual actions or proceedings to the extent necessary to preserve a claim against the debtor; or

(b) commence or continue any criminal proceedings or any action or proceedings by a person or body having regulatory, supervisory or investigative functions of a public nature, being an action or proceedings brought in the exercise of those functions.

     5. Paragraph 1 of this article does not affect the right to request or otherwise initiate the commencement of a proceeding under British insolvency law or the right to file claims in such a proceeding.

     6. In addition to and without prejudice to any powers of the court under or by virtue of paragraph 2 of this article, the court may, on the application of the foreign representative or a person affected by the stay and suspension referred to in paragraph 1 of this article, or of its own motion, modify or terminate such stay and suspension or any part of it, either altogether or for a limited time, on such terms and conditions as the court thinks fit.

(a) staying the commencement or continuation of individual actions or individual proceedings concerning the debtor's assets, rights, obligations or liabilities, to the extent they have not been stayed under paragraph 1(a) of article 20;

(b) staying execution against the debtor's assets to the extent it has not been stayed under paragraph 1(b) of article 20;

(c) suspending the right to transfer, encumber or otherwise dispose of any assets of the debtor to the extent this right has not been suspended under paragraph 1(c) of article 20;

(d) providing for the examination of witnesses, the taking of evidence or the delivery of information concerning the debtor's assets, affairs, rights, obligations or liabilities;

(e) entrusting the administration or realisation of all or part of the debtor's assets located in Great Britain to the foreign representative or another person designated by the court;

(f) extending relief granted under paragraph 1 of article 19; and

(g) granting any additional relief that may be available to a British insolvency officeholder under the law of Great Britain, including any relief provided under paragraph 43 of Schedule B1 to the Insolvency Act 1986[32].

     2. Upon recognition of a foreign proceeding, whether main or non-main, the court may, at the request of the foreign representative, entrust the distribution of all or part of the debtor's assets located in Great Britain to the foreign representative or another person designated by the court, provided that the court is satisfied that the interests of creditors in Great Britain are adequately protected.

     3. In granting relief under this article to a representative of a foreign non-main proceeding, the court must be satisfied that the relief relates to assets that, under the law of Great Britain, should be administered in the foreign non-main proceeding or concerns information required in that proceeding.

     4. No stay under paragraph 1(a) of this article shall affect the right to commence or continue any criminal proceedings or any action or proceedings by a person or body having regulatory, supervisory or investigative functions of a public nature, being an action or proceedings brought in the exercise of those functions.

(a) whether or not the debtor, in the case of an individual, has been adjudged bankrupt or had his estate sequestrated, or, in the case of a debtor other than an individual, is being wound up or is in administration, under British insolvency law; and

(b) with the modifications set out in paragraph 3 of this article.

     3. The modifications referred to in paragraph 2 of this article are as follows—

(a) for the purposes of sections 241(2A)(a) and 342(2A)(a) of the Insolvency Act 1986, a person has notice of the relevant proceedings if he has notice of the opening of the relevant foreign proceeding;

(b) for the purposes of sections 240(1) and 245(3) of that Act, the onset of insolvency shall be the date of the opening of the relevant foreign proceeding;

(c) the periods referred to in sections 244(2), 341(1)(a) to (c) and 343(2) of that Act shall be periods ending with the date of the opening of the relevant foreign proceeding;

(d) for the purposes of sections 242(3)(a), (3)(b) and 243(1) of that Act, the date on which the winding up of the company commences or it enters administration shall be the date of the opening of the relevant foreign proceeding; and

(e) for the purposes of sections 34(3)(a), (3)(b), 35(1)(c), 36(1)(a) and (1)(b) and 61(2) of the Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1985, the date of sequestration or granting of the trust deed shall be the date of the opening of the relevant foreign proceeding.

     4. For the purposes of paragraph 3 of this article, the date of the opening of the foreign proceeding shall be determined in accordance with the law of the State in which the foreign proceeding is taking place, including any rule of law by virtue of which the foreign proceeding is deemed to have opened at an earlier time.

     5. When the foreign proceeding is a foreign non-main proceeding, the court must be satisfied that the article 23 application relates to assets that, under the law of Great Britain, should be administered in the foreign non-main proceeding.

     6. At any time when a proceeding under British insolvency law is taking place regarding the debtor—

(a) the foreign representative shall not make an article 23 application except with the permission of—


(i) in the case of a proceeding under British insolvency law taking place in England and Wales, the High Court; or

(ii) in the case of a proceeding under British insolvency law taking place in Scotland, the Court of Session; and



(b) references to "the court" in paragraphs 1, 5 and 7 of this article are references to the court in which that proceeding is taking place.

     7. On making an order on an article 23 application, the court may give such directions regarding the distribution of any proceeds of the claim by the foreign representative, as it thinks fit to ensure that the interests of creditors in Great Britain are adequately protected.

     8. Nothing in this article affects the right of a British insolvency officeholder to make an application under or in connection with any of the provisions referred to in paragraph 1 of this article.

     9. Nothing in paragraph 1 of this article shall apply in respect of any preference given, floating charge created, alienation, assignment or relevant contributions (within the meaning of section 342A(5) of the Insolvency Act 1986) made or other transaction entered into before the date on which this Law comes into force.

(a) appointment of a person to act at the direction of the court;

(b) communication of information by any means considered appropriate by the court;

(c) coordination of the administration and supervision of the debtor's assets and affairs;

(d) approval or implementation by courts of agreements concerning the coordination of proceedings;

(e) coordination of concurrent proceedings regarding the same debtor.

(a) when the proceeding in Great Britain is taking place at the time the application for recognition of the foreign proceeding is filed—


(i) any relief granted under article 19 or 21 must be consistent with the proceeding in Great Britain; and

(ii) if the foreign proceeding is recognised in Great Britain as a foreign main proceeding, article 20 does not apply;



(b) when the proceeding in Great Britain commences after the filing of the application for recognition of the foreign proceeding—



(i) any relief in effect under article 19 or 21 shall be reviewed by the court and shall be modified or terminated if inconsistent with the proceeding in Great Britain;

(ii) if the foreign proceeding is a foreign main proceeding, the stay and suspension referred to in paragraph 1 of article 20 shall be modified or terminated pursuant to paragraph 6 of article 20, if inconsistent with the proceeding in Great Britain; and

(iii) any proceedings brought by the foreign representative by virtue of paragraph 1 of article 23 before the proceeding in Great Britain commenced shall be reviewed by the court and the court may give such directions as it thinks fit regarding the continuance of those proceedings; and



(c) in granting, extending or modifying relief granted to a representative of a foreign non-main proceeding, the court must be satisfied that the relief relates to assets that, under the law of Great Britain, should be administered in the foreign non-main proceeding or concerns information required in that proceeding.



Article 30. Coordination of more than one foreign proceeding

In matters referred to in paragraph 1 of article 1, in respect of more than one foreign proceeding regarding the same debtor, the court may seek cooperation and coordination under articles 25, 26 and 27, and the following shall apply—

(a) any relief granted under article 19 or 21 to a representative of a foreign non-main proceeding after recognition of a foreign main proceeding must be consistent with the foreign main proceeding;

(b) if a foreign main proceeding is recognised after the filing of an application for recognition of a foreign non-main proceeding, any relief in effect under article 19 or 21 shall be reviewed by the court and shall be modified or terminated if inconsistent with the foreign main proceeding; and

(c) if, after recognition of a foreign non-main proceeding, another foreign non-main proceeding is recognised, the court shall grant, modify or terminate relief for the purpose of facilitating coordination of the proceedings.

Article 31. Presumption of insolvency based on recognition of a foreign main proceeding

In the absence of evidence to the contrary, recognition of a foreign main proceeding is, for the purpose of commencing a proceeding under British insolvency law, proof that the debtor is unable to pay its debts or, in relation to Scotland, is apparently insolvent within the meaning given to those expressions under British insolvency law.

"the 1986 Act" means the Insolvency Act 1986[37];

"article 21 relief application" means an application to the court by a foreign representative under article 21(1) or (2) of the Model Law for relief;

"business day" means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday, Christmas Day, Good Friday or a day which is a bank holiday in England and Wales under or by virtue of the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971[38];

"CPR" means the Civil Procedure Rules 1998[39] and "CPR" followed by a Part or rule by number means the Part or rule with that number in those Rules;

"enforcement officer" means an individual who is authorised to act as an enforcement officer under the Courts Act 2003[40];

"file in court" and "file with the court" means deliver to the court for filing;

"the Gazette" means the London Gazette;

"interim relief application" means an application to the court by a foreign representative under article 19 of the Model Law for interim relief;

"main proceedings" means proceedings opened in accordance with Article 3(1) of the EC Insolvency Regulation and falling within the definition of insolvency proceedings in Article 2(a) of the EC Insolvency Regulation;

"member State liquidator" means a person falling within the definition of liquidator in Article 2(b) of the EC Insolvency Regulation appointed in proceedings to which it applies in a member State other than the United Kingdom;

"the Model Law" means the UNCITRAL Model Law as set out in Schedule 1 to these Regulations;

"modification or termination order" means an order by the court pursuant to its powers under the Model Law modifying or terminating recognition of a foreign proceeding, the stay and suspension referred to in article 20(1) or any part of it or any relief granted under article 19 or 21 of the Model Law;

"originating application" means an application to the court which is not an application in pending proceedings before the court;

"ordinary application" means any application to the court other than an originating application;

"practice direction" means a direction as to the practice and procedure of any court within the scope of the CPR;

"recognition application" means an application to the court by a foreign representative in accordance with article 15 of the Model Law for an order recognising the foreign proceeding in which he has been appointed;

"recognition order" means an order by the court recognising a proceeding the subject of a recognition application as a foreign main proceeding or foreign non-main proceeding, as appropriate;

"relevant company" means a company within the meaning of section 735(1) of the Companies Act 1985[41] or an unregistered company within the meaning of Part 5 of the 1986 Act which is subject to a requirement imposed by virtue of section 690A[42], 691(1)[43] or 718[44] of the Companies Act 1985;

"review application" means an application to the court for a modification or termination order;

"the Rules" means the Insolvency Rules 1986[45] and "Rule" followed by a number means the rule with that number in those Rules;

"secondary proceedings" means proceedings opened in accordance with Articles 3(2) and 3(3) of the EC Insolvency Regulation and falling within the definition of winding up proceedings in Article 2(c) of the EC Insolvency Regulation;

"territorial proceedings" means proceedings opened in accordance with Articles 3(2) and 3(4) of the EC Insolvency Regulation and falling within the definition of insolvency proceedings in Article 2(a) of the EC Insolvency Regulation.

    (2) Expressions defined in the Model Law have the same meaning when used in this Schedule.

    (3) In proceedings under these Regulations, "Registrar" means—

(a) a Registrar in Bankruptcy of the High Court; and

(b) where the proceedings are in a district registry, the district judge.

    (4) References to the "venue" for any proceedings or attendance before the court, are to the time, date and place for the proceedings or attendance.

    (5) References in this Schedule to ex parte hearings shall be construed as references to hearings without notice being served on any other party, and references to applications made ex parte as references to applications made without notice being served on any other party; and other references which include the expression "ex parte" shall be similarly construed.

    (6) References in this Schedule to a debtor who is of interest to the Financial Services Authority are references to a debtor who—

(a) is, or has been, an authorised person within the meaning of section 31 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000[46] (authorised persons);

(b) is, or has been, an appointed representative within the meaning of section 39 (exemption of appointed representatives) of that Act; or

(c) is carrying on, or has carried on, a regulated activity in contravention of the general prohibition.

    (7) In sub-paragraph (6) "the general prohibition" has the meaning given by section 19 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 and the reference to a "regulated activity" must be construed in accordance with—

(a) section 22 of that Act (classes of regulated activity and categories of investment);

(b) any relevant order under that section; and

(c) Schedule 2 to that Act (regulated activities).

    (8) References in this Schedule to a numbered form are to the form that bears that number in Schedule 5.

(a) the name of the applicant and his address for service within England and Wales;

(b) the name of the debtor in respect of which the foreign proceeding is taking place;

(c) the name or names in which the debtor carries on business in the country where the foreign proceeding is taking place and in this country, if other than the name given under sub-paragraph (b);

(d) the principal or last known place of business of the debtor in Great Britain (if any) and, in the case of an individual, his usual or last known place of residence in Great Britain (if any);

(e) any registered number allocated to the debtor under the Companies Act 1985;

(f) brief particulars of the foreign proceeding in respect of which recognition is applied for, including the country in which it is taking place and the nature of the proceeding;

(g) that the foreign proceeding is a proceeding within the meaning of article 2(i) of the Model Law;

(h) that the applicant is a foreign representative within the meaning of article 2(j) of the Model Law;

(i) the address of the debtor's centre of main interests and, if different, the address of its registered office or habitual residence, as appropriate; and

(j) if the debtor does not have its centre of main interests in the country where the foreign proceeding is taking place, whether the debtor has an establishment within the meaning of article 2(e) of the Model Law in that country, and if so, its address.

Contents of affidavit in support
     4. —(1) There shall be attached to the application an affidavit in support which shall contain or have exhibited to it—

(a) the evidence and statement required under article 15(2) and (3) respectively of the Model Law;

(b) any other evidence which in the opinion of the applicant will assist the court in deciding whether the proceeding the subject of the application is a foreign proceeding within the meaning of article 2(i) of the Model Law and whether the applicant is a foreign representative within the meaning of article 2(j) of the Model Law;

(c) evidence that the debtor has its centre of main interests or an establishment, as the case may be, within the country where the foreign proceeding is taking place; and

(d) any other matters which in the opinion of the applicant will assist the court in deciding whether to make a recognition order.

    (2) The affidavit shall state whether, in the opinion of the applicant, the EC Insolvency Regulation applies to any of the proceedings identified in accordance with article 15(3) of the Model Law and, if so, whether those proceedings are main proceedings, secondary proceedings or territorial proceedings.

    (3) The affidavit shall also have exhibited to it the translations required under article 15(4) of the Model Law and a translation in English of any other document exhibited to the affidavit which is in a language other than English.

    (4) All translations referred to in sub-paragraph (3) must be certified by the translator as a correct translation.

The hearing and powers of court
     5. —(1) On hearing a recognition application the court may in addition to its powers under the Model Law to make a recognition order—

(a) dismiss the application;

(b) adjourn the hearing conditionally or unconditionally;

(c) make any other order which the court thinks appropriate.

    (2) If the court makes a recognition order, it shall be in Form ML 2.

Notification of subsequent information
     6. —(1) The foreign representative shall set out any subsequent information required to be given to the court under article 18 of the Model Law in a statement which he shall attach to Form ML 3 and file with the court.

    (2) The statement shall include—

(a) details of the information required to be given under article 18 of the Model Law; and

(b) in the case of any proceedings required to be notified to the court under that article, a statement as to whether, in the opinion of the foreign representative, any of those proceedings are main proceedings, secondary proceedings or territorial proceedings under the EC Insolvency Regulation.

    (3) The foreign representative shall send a copy of the Form ML 3 and attached statement filed with the court to the following—

(a) the debtor; and

(b) those persons referred to in paragraph 26(3).

(a) the grounds on which it is proposed that the interim relief applied for should be granted;

(b) details of any proceeding under British insolvency law taking place in relation to the debtor;

(c) whether, to the foreign representative's knowledge, an administrative receiver or receiver or manager of the debtor's property is acting in relation to the debtor;

(d) an estimate of the value of the assets of the debtor in England and Wales in respect of which relief is applied for;

(e) whether, to the best of the knowledge and belief of the foreign representative, the interests of the debtor's creditors (including any secured creditors or parties to hire-purchase agreements) and any other interested parties, including if appropriate the debtor, will be adequately protected;

(f) whether, to the best of the foreign representative's knowledge and belief, the grant of any of the relief applied for would interfere with the administration of a foreign main proceeding; and

(g) all other matters that in the opinion of the foreign representative will assist the court in deciding whether or not it is appropriate to grant the relief applied for.

Service of interim relief application not required
     8. Unless the court otherwise directs, it shall not be necessary to serve the interim relief application on, or give notice of it to, any person.

The hearing and powers of court
     9. On hearing an interim relief application the court may in addition to its powers under the Model Law to make an order granting interim relief under article 19 of the Model Law—

(a) dismiss the application;

(b) adjourn the hearing conditionally or unconditionally;

(c) make any other order which the court thinks appropriate.

Application for relief under article 21 of the Model Law—affidavit in support
     10. An article 21 relief application must be supported by an affidavit sworn by the foreign representative stating—

(a) the grounds on which it is proposed that the relief applied for should be granted;

(b) an estimate of the value of the assets of the debtor in England and Wales in respect of which relief is applied for;

(c) in the case of an application by a foreign representative who is or believes that he is a representative of a foreign non-main proceeding, the reasons why the applicant believes that the relief relates to assets that, under the law of Great Britain, should be administered in the foreign non-main proceeding or concerns information required in that proceeding;

(d) whether, to the best of the knowledge and belief of the foreign representative, the interests of the debtor's creditors (including any secured creditors or parties to hire-purchase agreements) and any other interested parties, including if appropriate the debtor, will be adequately protected; and

(e) all other matters that in the opinion of the foreign representative will assist the court in deciding whether or not it is appropriate to grant the relief applied for.

The hearing and powers of court
     11. On hearing an article 21 relief application the court may in addition to its powers under the Model Law to make an order granting relief under article 21 of the Model Law—

(a) dismiss the application;

(b) adjourn the hearing conditionally or unconditionally;

(c) make any other order which the court thinks appropriate.

(a) the name of the replacement foreign representative and his address for service within England and Wales;

(b) details of the circumstances in which the former foreign representative ceased to be foreign representative in the foreign proceeding in relation to the debtor (including the date on which he ceased to be the foreign representative);

(c) details of his own appointment as replacement foreign representative in the foreign proceeding (including the date of that appointment).

    (2) The application shall be accompanied by an affidavit in support sworn by the applicant which shall contain or have attached to it—

(a) a certificate from the foreign court affirming—


(i) the cessation of the appointment of the former foreign representative as foreign representative; and

(ii) the appointment of the applicant as the foreign representative in the foreign proceeding; or



(b) in the absence of such a certificate, any other evidence acceptable to the court of the matters referred to in paragraph (a); and

(c) a translation in English of any document exhibited to the affidavit which is in a language other than English.

    (3) All translations referred to in paragraph (c) must be certified by the translator as a correct translation.

The hearing and powers of court
     14. —(1) On hearing an application under paragraph 12(3) the court may—

(a) make an order confirming the status of the replacement foreign representative as foreign representative for the purpose of proceedings under these Regulations;

(b) dismiss the application;

(c) adjourn the hearing conditionally or unconditionally;

(d) make an interim order;

(e) make any other order which the court thinks appropriate, including in particular an order making such provision as the court thinks fit with respect to matters arising in connection with the replacement of the foreign representative.

    (2) If the court dismisses the application, it may also if it thinks fit make an order terminating recognition of the foreign proceeding and—

(a) such an order may include such provision as the court thinks fit with respect to matters arising in connection with the termination; and

(b) paragraph 15 shall not apply to such an order.

(a) had an opportunity of being heard on the question; or

(b) consented in writing to such an order.

    (2) Where the foreign representative or the debtor desires to be heard on the question of such an order, the court shall give all relevant parties notice of a venue at which the question will be considered and may give directions as to the issues on which it requires evidence.

    (3) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (2), all relevant parties means the foreign representative, the debtor and any other person who appears to the court to have an interest justifying his being given notice of the hearing.

    (4) If the court makes a modification or termination order, the order may include such provision as the court thinks fit with respect to matters arising in connection with the modification or termination.

Review application—affidavit in support
     16. A review application must be supported by an affidavit sworn by the applicant stating—

(a) the grounds on which it is proposed that the relief applied for should be granted;

(b) whether, to the best of the knowledge and belief of the applicant, the interests of the debtor's creditors (including any secured creditors or parties to hire-purchase agreements) and any other interested parties, including if appropriate the debtor, will be adequately protected; and

(c) all other matters that in the opinion of the applicant will assist the court in deciding whether or not it is appropriate to grant the relief applied for.

Hearing of review application and powers of the court
     17. On hearing a review application, the court may in addition to its powers under the Model Law to make a modification or termination order—

(a) dismiss the application;

(b) adjourn the hearing conditionally or unconditionally;

(c) make an interim order;

(d) make any other order which the court thinks appropriate, including an order making such provision as the court thinks fit with respect to matters arising in connection with the modification or termination.

(a) any of the following applications made to the court under these Regulations—


(i) a recognition application;

(ii) an article 21 relief application;

(iii) an application under paragraph 12(3) for an order confirming the status of a replacement foreign representative;

(iv) a review application; and



(b) any of the following orders made by the court under these Regulations—



(i) a recognition order;

(ii) an order granting interim relief under article 19 of the Model Law;

(iii) an order granting relief under article 21 of the Model Law;

(iv) an order confirming the status of a replacement foreign representative; and

(v) a modification or termination order.

Form and contents of application
     19. —(1) Subject to sub-paragraph (4) every application to which this Part applies shall be an ordinary application and shall be in Form ML 5.

    (2) Each application shall be in writing and shall state—

(a) the names of the parties;

(b) the nature of the relief or order applied for or the directions sought from the court;

(c) the names and addresses of the persons (if any) on whom it is intended to serve the application;

(d) the names and addresses of all those persons on whom these Regulations require the application to be served (so far as known to the applicant); and

(e) the applicant's address for service.

    (3) The application must be signed by the applicant if he is acting in person, or, when he is not so acting, by or on behalf of his solicitor.

    (4) This paragraph does not apply to a recognition application.

Filing of application
     20. —(1) The application (and all supporting documents) shall be filed with the court, with a sufficient number of copies for service and use as provided by paragraph 21(2).

    (2) Each of the copies filed shall have applied to it the seal of the court and be issued to the applicant; and on each copy there shall be endorsed the date and time of filing.

    (3) The court shall fix a venue for the hearing of the application and this also shall be endorsed on each copy of the application issued under sub-paragraph (2).

Service of the application
     21. —(1) In sub-paragraph (2), references to the application are to a sealed copy of the application issued by the court together with any affidavit in support of it and any documents exhibited to the affidavit.

    (2) Unless the court otherwise directs, the application shall be served on the following persons, unless they are the applicant—

(a) on the foreign representative;

(b) on the debtor;

(c) if a British insolvency officeholder is acting in relation to the debtor, on him;

(d) if any person has been appointed an administrative receiver of the debtor or, to the knowledge of the foreign representative, as a receiver or manager of the property of the debtor in England and Wales, on him;

(e) if a member State liquidator has been appointed in main proceedings in relation to the debtor, on him;

(f) if to the knowledge of the foreign representative a foreign representative has been appointed in any other foreign proceeding regarding the debtor, on him;

(g) if there is pending in England and Wales a petition for the winding up or bankruptcy of the debtor, on the petitioner;

(h) on any person who to the knowledge of the foreign representative is or may be entitled to appoint an administrator of the debtor under paragraph 14 of Schedule B1 to the 1986 Act[47] (appointment of administrator by holder of qualifying floating charge); and

(i) if the debtor is a debtor who is of interest to the Financial Services Authority, on that Authority.

Manner in which service to be effected
     22. —(1) Service of the application in accordance with paragraph 21(2) shall be effected by the applicant, or his solicitor, or by a person instructed by him or his solicitor, not less than 5 business days before the date fixed for the hearing.

    (2) Service shall be effected by delivering the documents to a person's proper address or in such other manner as the court may direct.

    (3) A person's proper address is any which he has previously notified as his address for service within England and Wales; but if he has not notified any such address or if for any reason service at such address is not practicable, service may be effected as follows—

(a) (subject to sub-paragraph (4)) in the case of a company incorporated in England and Wales, by delivery to its registered office;

(b) in the case of any other person, by delivery to his usual or last known address or principal place of business in Great Britain.

    (4) If delivery to a company's registered office is not practicable, service may be effected by delivery to its last known principal place of business in Great Britain.

    (5) Delivery of documents to any place or address may be made by leaving them there or sending them by first class post in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs 70 and 75(1).

Proof of service
     23. —(1) Service of the application shall be verified by an affidavit of service in Form ML 6, specifying the date on which, and the manner in which, service was effected.

    (2) The affidavit of service, with a sealed copy of the application exhibited to it, shall be filed with the court as soon as reasonably practicable after service, and in any event not less than 1 business day before the hearing of the application.

In case of urgency
     24. Where the case is one of urgency, the court may (without prejudice to its general power to extend or abridge time limits)—

(a) hear the application immediately, either with or without notice to, or the attendance of, other parties; or

(b) authorise a shorter period of service than that provided for by paragraph 22(1),

and any such application may be heard on terms providing for the filing or service of documents, or the carrying out of other formalities, as the court thinks fit.

The hearing
     25. —(1) At the hearing of the application, the applicant and any of the following persons (not being the applicant) may appear or be represented—

(a) the foreign representative;

(b) the debtor and, in the case of any debtor other than an individual, any one or more directors or other officers of the debtor, including—


(i) where applicable, any person registered under Part 23 of the Companies Act 1985[48] as authorised to represent the debtor in respect of its business in England and Wales;

(ii) in the case of a debtor which is a partnership, any person who is an officer of the partnership within the meaning of article 2 of the Insolvent Partnerships Order 1994[49];



(c) if a British insolvency officeholder is acting in relation to the debtor, that person;

(d) if any person has been appointed an administrative receiver of the debtor or as a receiver or manager of the property of the debtor in England and Wales, that person;

(e) if a member State liquidator has been appointed in main proceedings in relation to the debtor, that person;

(f) if a foreign representative has been appointed in any other foreign proceeding regarding the debtor, that person;

(g) any person who has presented a petition for the winding up or bankruptcy of the debtor in England and Wales;

(h) any person who is or may be entitled to appoint an administrator of the debtor under paragraph 14 of Schedule B1 to the 1986 Act (appointment of administrator by holder of qualifying floating charge);

(i) if the debtor is a debtor who is of interest to the Financial Services Authority, that Authority; and

(j) with the permission of the court, any other person who appears to have an interest justifying his appearance.

Notification and advertisement of order
     26. —(1) If the court makes any of the orders referred to in paragraph 18(1)(b), it shall as soon as reasonably practicable send two sealed copies of the order to the foreign representative.

    (2) The foreign representative shall send a sealed copy of the order as soon as reasonably practicable to the debtor.

    (3) The foreign representative shall, as soon as reasonably practicable after the date of the order give notice of the making of the order—

(a) if a British insolvency officeholder is acting in relation to the debtor, to him;

(b) if any person has been appointed an administrative receiver of the debtor or, to the knowledge of the foreign representative, as a receiver or manager of the property of the debtor, to him;

(c) if a member State liquidator has been appointed in main proceedings in relation to the debtor, to him;

(d) if to his knowledge a foreign representative has been appointed in any other foreign proceeding regarding the debtor, that person;

(e) if there is pending in England and Wales a petition for the winding up or bankruptcy of the debtor, to the petitioner;

(f) to any person who to his knowledge is or may be entitled to appoint an administrator of the debtor under paragraph 14 of Schedule B1 to the 1986 Act (appointment of administrator by holder of qualifying floating charge);

(g) if the debtor is a debtor who is of interest to the Financial Services Authority, to that Authority;

(h) to such other persons as the court may direct.

    (4) In the case of an order recognising a foreign proceeding in relation to the debtor as a foreign main proceeding, or an order under article 19 or 21 of the Model Law staying execution, distress or other legal process against the debtor's assets, the foreign representative shall also, as soon as reasonably practicable after the date of the order give notice of the making of the order—

(a) to any enforcement officer or other officer who to his knowledge is charged with an execution or other legal process against the debtor or its property; and

(b) to any person who to his knowledge is distraining against the debtor or its property.

    (5) In the application of sub-paragraphs (3) and (4) the references to property shall be taken as references to property situated within England and Wales.

    (6) Where the debtor is a relevant company, the foreign representative shall send notice of the making of the order to the registrar of companies before the end of the period of 5 business days beginning with the date of the order. The notice to the registrar of companies shall be in Form ML 7.

    (7) The foreign representative shall advertise the making of the following orders once in the Gazette and once in such newspaper as he thinks most appropriate for ensuring that the making of the order comes to the notice of the debtor's creditors—

(a) a recognition order;

(b) an order confirming the status of a replacement foreign representative; and

(c) a modification or termination order which modifies or terminates recognition of a foreign proceeding,

and the advertisement shall be in Form ML 8.

Adjournment of hearing; directions
     27. —(1) This paragraph applies in any case where the court exercises its power to adjourn the hearing of the application.

    (2) The court may at any time give such directions as it thinks fit as to—

(a) service or notice of the application on or to any person, whether in connection with the venue of a resumed hearing or for any other purpose;

(b) the procedure on the application;

(c) the manner in which any evidence is to be adduced at a resumed hearing and in particular as to—


(i) the taking of evidence wholly or in part by affidavit or orally;

(ii) the cross-examination on the hearing in court or in chambers, of any deponents to affidavits;



(d) the matters to be dealt with in evidence.

(a) in any case where—


(i) a recognition order in respect of a foreign main proceeding or an order suspending the right to transfer, encumber or otherwise dispose of any assets of the debtor is made, and

(ii) the debtor is the registered proprietor of a registered estate or registered charge and holds it for his sole benefit,



an application under section 43 of the Land Registration Act 2002 for a restriction of the kind referred to in sub-paragraph (3) to be entered in the relevant registered title; and

(b) in any other case, an application under the Land Registration Act 2002 for such an entry in the register as shall be necessary to reflect the effect of the court order under these Regulations.

    (3) The restriction referred to in sub-paragraph (2)(a) is a restriction to the effect that no disposition of the registered estate or registered charge (as appropriate) by the registered proprietor of that estate or charge is to be completed by registration within the meaning of section 27 of the Land Registration Act 2002 except under a further order of the court.

(a) is or purports to be the foreign representative in relation to a debtor; or

(b) has been or has purported to be the foreign representative in relation to a debtor.

    (2) An examination under this paragraph may be held only on the application of—

(a) a British insolvency officeholder acting in relation to the debtor;

(b) a creditor of the debtor; or

(c) with the permission of the court, any other person who appears to have an interest justifying an application.

    (3) An application under sub-paragraph (2) must allege that the foreign representative—

(a) has misapplied or retained money or other property of the debtor;

(b) has become accountable for money or other property of the debtor;

(c) has breached a fiduciary or other duty in relation to the debtor; or

(d) has been guilty of misfeasance.

    (4) On an examination under this paragraph into a person's conduct the court may order him—

(a) to repay, restore or account for money or property;

(b) to pay interest;

(c) to contribute a sum to the debtor's property by way of compensation for breach of duty or misfeasance.

    (5) In sub-paragraph (3) "foreign representative" includes a person who purports or has purported to be a foreign representative in relation to a debtor.

(a) the names of the parties;

(b) the nature of the relief or order applied for or the directions sought from the court;

(c) the names and addresses of the persons (if any) on whom it is intended to serve the application or that no person is intended to be served;

(d) where these Regulations require that notice of the application is to be given to specified persons, the names and addresses of all those persons (so far as known to the applicant); and

(e) the applicant's address for service.

    (3) An originating application shall set out the grounds on which the applicant claims to be entitled to the relief or order sought.

    (4) The application must be signed by the applicant if he is acting in person or, when he is not so acting, by or on behalf of his solicitor.

Filing and service of application
     33. —(1) The application shall be filed in court, accompanied by one copy and a number of additional copies equal to the number of persons who are to be served with the application.

    (2) Subject as follows in this paragraph and in paragraph 34, or unless the court otherwise orders, upon the presentation of the documents mentioned in sub-paragraph (1), the court shall fix a venue for the application to be heard.

    (3) Unless the court otherwise directs, the applicant shall serve a sealed copy of the application, endorsed with the venue of the hearing, on the respondent named in the application (or on each respondent if more than one).

    (4) The court may give any of the following directions—

(a) that the application be served upon persons other than those specified by the relevant provision of these Regulations;

(b) that the giving of notice to any person may be dispensed with;

(c) that notice be given in some way other than that specified in sub-paragraph (3).

    (5) Subject to sub-paragraph (6), the application must be served at least 10 business days before the date fixed for the hearing.

    (6) Where the case is one of urgency, the court may (without prejudice to its general power to extend or abridge time limits)—

(a) hear the application immediately, either with or without notice to, or the attendance of, other parties; or

(b) authorise a shorter period of service than that provided for by sub-paragraph (5);

and any such application may be heard on terms providing for the filing or service of documents, or the carrying out of other formalities, as the court thinks fit.

Other hearings ex parte
     34. —(1) Where the relevant provisions of these Regulations do not require service of the application on, or notice of it to be given to, any person, the court may hear the application ex parte.

    (2) Where the application is properly made ex parte, the court may hear it forthwith, without fixing a venue as required by paragraph 33(2).

    (3) Alternatively, the court may fix a venue for the application to be heard, in which case paragraph 33 applies (so far as relevant).

Use of affidavit evidence
     35. —(1) In any proceedings evidence may be given by affidavit unless the court otherwise directs; but the court may, on the application of any party, order the attendance for cross-examination of the person making the affidavit.

    (2) Where, after such an order has been made, the person in question does not attend, his affidavit shall not be used in evidence without the permission of the court.

Filing and service of affidavits
     36. —(1) Unless the court otherwise allows—

(a) if the applicant intends to rely at the first hearing on affidavit evidence, he shall file the affidavit or affidavits (if more than one) in court and serve a copy or copies on the respondent, not less than 10 business days before the date fixed for the hearing; and

(b) where a respondent to an application intends to oppose it and to rely for that purpose on affidavit evidence, he shall file the affidavit or affidavits (if more than one) in court and serve a copy or copies on the applicant, not less than 5 business days before the date fixed for the hearing.

    (2) Any affidavit may be sworn by the applicant or by the respondent or by some other person possessing direct knowledge of the subject matter of the application.

Adjournment of hearings; directions
     37. The court may adjourn the hearing of an application on such terms (if any) as it thinks fit and in the case of such an adjournment paragraph 27(2) shall apply.

Transfer of proceedings within the High Court
     38. —(1) The High Court may, having regard to the criteria in CPR rule 30.3(2), order proceedings in the Royal Courts of Justice or a district registry, or any part of such proceedings (such as an application made in the proceedings), to be transferred—

(a) from the Royal Courts of Justice to a district registry; or

(b) from a district registry to the Royal Courts of Justice or to another district registry.

    (2) The High Court may order proceedings before a district registry for the detailed assessment of costs to be transferred to another district registry if it is satisfied that the proceedings could be more conveniently or fairly taken in that other district registry.

    (3) An application for an order under sub-paragraph (1) or (2) must, if the claim is proceeding in a district registry, be made to that registry.

    (4) A transfer of proceedings under this paragraph may be ordered—

(a) by the court of its own motion; or

(b) on the application of a person appearing to the court to have an interest in the proceedings.

    (5) Where the court orders proceedings to be transferred, the court from which they are to be transferred must give notice of the transfer to all the parties.

    (6) An order made before the transfer of the proceedings shall not be affected by the order to transfer.

Transfer of proceedings—actions to avoid acts detrimental to creditors
     39. —(1) If—

(a) in accordance with article 23(6) of the Model Law, the court grants a foreign representative permission to make an application in accordance with paragraph 1 of that article; and

(b) the relevant proceedings under British insolvency law taking place regarding the debtor are taking place in the county court,

the court may also order those proceedings to be transferred to the High Court.

    (2) Where the court makes an order transferring proceedings under sub-paragraph (1)—

(a) it shall send sealed copies of the order to the county court from which the proceedings are to be transferred, and to the official receivers attached to that court and the High Court respectively; and

(b) the county court shall send the file of the proceedings to the High Court.

    (3) Following compliance with this paragraph, if the official receiver attached to the court to which the proceedings are transferred is not already, by virtue of directions given by the Secretary of State under section 399(6)(a) of the 1986 Act, the official receiver in relation to those proceedings, he becomes, in relation to those proceedings, the official receiver in place of the official receiver attached to the other court concerned.

Shorthand writers
     40. —(1) The judge may in writing nominate one or more persons to be official shorthand writers to the court.

    (2) The court may, at any time in the course of proceedings under these Regulations, appoint a shorthand writer to take down the evidence of a person examined in pursuance of a court order under article 19 or 21 of the Model Law.

    (3) The remuneration of a shorthand writer appointed in proceedings under these Regulations shall be paid by the party at whose instance the appointment was made or otherwise as the court may direct.

    (4) Any question arising as to the rates of remuneration payable under this paragraph shall be determined by the court in its discretion.

Enforcement procedures
     41. In any proceedings under these Regulations, orders of the court may be enforced in the same manner as a judgment to the same effect.

Title of proceedings
     42. —(1) Every proceeding under these Regulations shall, with any necessary additions, be intituled "IN THE MATTER OF . . . (naming the debtor to which the proceedings relate) AND IN THE MATTER OF THE CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY REGULATIONS 2006".

    (2) Sub-paragraph (1) shall not apply in respect of any form prescribed under these Regulations.

Court records
     43. The court shall keep records of all proceedings under these Regulations, and shall cause to be entered in the records the taking of any step in the proceedings, and such decisions of the court in relation thereto, as the court thinks fit.

Inspection of records
     44. —(1) Subject as follows, the court's records of proceedings under these Regulations shall be open to inspection by any person.

    (2) If in the case of a person applying to inspect the records the Registrar is not satisfied as to the propriety of the purpose for which inspection is required, he may refuse to allow it. That person may then apply forthwith and ex parte to the judge, who may refuse the inspection or allow it on such terms as he thinks fit.

    (3) The decision of the judge under sub-paragraph (2) is final.

File of court proceedings
     45. —(1) In respect of all proceedings under these Regulations, the court shall open and maintain a file for each case; and (subject to directions of the Registrar) all documents relating to such proceedings shall be placed on the relevant file.

    (2) No proceedings under these Regulations shall be filed in the Central Office of the High Court.

Right to inspect the file
     46. —(1) In the case of any proceedings under these Regulations, the following have the right, at all reasonable times, to inspect the court's file of the proceedings—

(a) the Secretary of State;

(b) the person who is the foreign representative in relation to the proceedings;

(c) if a foreign representative has been appointed in any other foreign proceeding regarding the debtor to which the proceedings under these Regulations relate, that person;

(d) if a British insolvency officeholder is acting in relation to the debtor to which the proceedings under these Regulations relate, that person;

(e) any person stating himself in writing to be a creditor of the debtor to which the proceedings under these Regulations relate;

(f) if a member State liquidator has been appointed in relation to the debtor to which the proceedings under these Regulations relate, that person; and

(g) the debtor to which the proceedings under these Regulations relate, or, if that debtor is a company, corporation or partnership, every person who is, or at any time has been—


(i) a director or officer of the debtor;

(ii) a member of the debtor; or

(iii) where applicable, a person registered under Part 23 of the Companies Act 1985[51] as authorised to represent the debtor in respect of its business in England and Wales.

    (2) The right of inspection conferred as above on any person may be exercised on his behalf by a person properly authorised by him.

    (3) Any person may, by leave of the court, inspect the file.

    (4) The right of inspection conferred by this paragraph is not exercisable in the case of documents, or parts of documents, as to which the court directs (either generally or specially) that they are not to be made open to inspection without the court's permission.

An application for a direction of the court under this sub-paragraph may be made by the foreign representative or by any party appearing to the court to have an interest.

    (5) If, for the purpose of powers conferred by the 1986 Act or the Rules, the Secretary of State or the official receiver wishes to inspect the file of any proceedings under these Regulations, and requests the transmission of the file, the court shall comply with such request (unless the file is for the time being in use for the court's purposes).

    (6) Paragraph 44(2) and (3) apply in respect of the court's file of any proceedings under these Regulations as they apply in respect of court records.

    (7) Where these Regulations confer a right for any person to inspect documents on the court's file of proceedings, the right includes that of taking copies of those documents on payment of the fee chargeable under any order made under section 92 of the Courts Act 2003[52].

Copies of court orders
     47. —(1) In any proceedings under these Regulations, any person who under paragraph 46 has a right to inspect documents on the court file also has the right to require the foreign representative in relation to those proceedings to furnish him with a copy of any court order in the proceedings.

    (2) Sub-paragraph (1) does not apply if a copy of the court order has been served on that person or notice of the making of the order has been given to that person under other provisions of these Regulations.

Filing of Gazette notices and advertisements
     48. —(1) In any court in which proceedings under these Regulations are pending, an officer of the court shall file a copy of every issue of the Gazette which contains an advertisement relating to those proceedings.

    (2) Where there appears in a newspaper an advertisement relating to proceedings under these Regulations pending in any court, the person inserting the advertisement shall file a copy of it in that court.

The copy of the advertisement shall be accompanied by, or have endorsed on it, such particulars as are necessary to identify the proceedings and the date of the advertisement's appearance.

    (3) An officer of any court in which proceedings under these Regulations are pending shall from time to time file a memorandum giving the dates of, and other particulars relating to, any notice published in the Gazette, and any newspaper advertisements, which relate to proceedings so pending.

The officer's memorandum is prima facie evidence that any notice or advertisement mentioned in it was duly inserted in the issue of the newspaper or the Gazette which is specified in the memorandum.

Persons incapable of managing their affairs—introductory
     49. —(1) Paragraphs 50 to 52 apply where in proceedings under these Regulations it appears to the court that a person affected by the proceedings is one who is incapable of managing and administering his property and affairs either—

(a) by reason of mental disorder within the meaning of the Mental Health Act 1983[53]; or

(b) due to physical affliction or disability.

    (2) The person concerned is referred to as "the incapacitated person".

Appointment of another person to act
     50. —(1) The court may appoint such person as it thinks fit to appear for, represent or act for the incapacitated person.

    (2) The appointment may be made either generally or for the purpose of any particular application or proceeding, or for the exercise of particular rights or powers which the incapacitated person might have exercised but for his incapacity.

    (3) The court may make the appointment either of its own motion or on application by—

(a) a person who has been appointed by a court in the United Kingdom or elsewhere to manage the affairs of, or to represent, the incapacitated person; or

(b) any relative or friend of the incapacitated person who appears to the court to be a proper person to make the application; or

(c) in any case where the incapacitated person is the debtor, the foreign representative.

    (4) Application under sub-paragraph (3) may be made ex parte; but the court may require such notice of the application as it thinks necessary to be given to the person alleged to be incapacitated, or any other person, and may adjourn the hearing of the application to enable the notice to be given.

Affidavit in support of application
     51. An application under paragraph 50(3) shall be supported by an affidavit of a registered medical practitioner as to the mental or physical condition of the incapacitated person.

Service of notices following appointment
     52. Any notice served on, or sent to, a person appointed under paragraph 50 has the same effect as if it had been served on, or given to, the incapacitated person.

Rights of audience
     53. Rights of audience in proceedings under these Regulations are the same as obtain in proceedings under British insolvency law.

Right of attendance
     54. —(1) Subject as follows, in proceedings under these Regulations, any person stating himself in writing, in records kept by the court for that purpose, to be a creditor of the debtor to which the proceedings relate, is entitled at his own cost, to attend in court or in chambers at any stage of the proceedings.

    (2) Attendance may be by the person himself, or his solicitor.

    (3) A person so entitled may request the court in writing to give him notice of any step in the proceedings; and, subject to his paying the costs involved and keeping the court informed as to his address, the court shall comply with the request.

    (4) If the court is satisfied that the exercise by a person of his rights under this paragraph has given rise to costs for the estate of the debtor which would not otherwise have been incurred and ought not, in the circumstances, to fall on that estate, it may direct that the costs be paid by the person concerned, to an amount specified.

The rights of that person under this paragraph shall be in abeyance so long as those costs are not paid.

    (5) The court may appoint one or more persons to represent the creditors of the debtor to have the rights conferred by this paragraph, instead of the rights being exercised by any or all of them individually.

If two or more persons are appointed under this paragraph to represent the same interest, they must (if at all) instruct the same solicitor.

Right of attendance for member State liquidator
     55. For the purposes of paragraph 54(1), a member State liquidator appointed in relation to a debtor subject to proceedings under these Regulations shall be deemed to be a creditor.

British insolvency officeholder's solicitor
     56. Where in any proceedings the attendance of the British insolvency officeholder's solicitor is required, whether in court or in chambers, the British insolvency officeholder himself need not attend, unless directed by the court.

Formal defects
     57. No proceedings under these Regulations shall be invalidated by any formal defect or by any irregularity, unless the court before which objection is made considers that substantial injustice has been caused by the defect or irregularity, and that the injustice cannot be remedied by any order of the court.

Restriction on concurrent proceedings and remedies
     58. Where in proceedings under these Regulations the court makes an order staying any action, execution or other legal process against the property of a debtor, service of the order may be effected by sending a sealed copy of the order to whatever is the address for service of the claimant or other party having the carriage of the proceedings to be stayed.

Affidavits
     59. —(1) Where in proceedings under these Regulations, an affidavit is made by any British insolvency officeholder acting in relation to the debtor, he shall state the capacity in which he makes it, the position which he holds and the address at which he works.

    (2) Any officer of the court duly authorised in that behalf, may take affidavits and declarations.

    (3) Subject to sub-paragraph (4), where these Regulations provide for the use of an affidavit, a witness statement verified by a statement of truth may be used as an alternative.

    (4) Sub-paragraph (3) does not apply to paragraphs 4 (affidavit in support of recognition application), 7 (affidavit in support of interim relief application), 10 (affidavit in support of article 21 relief application), 13 (affidavit in support of application regarding status of replacement foreign representative) and 16 (affidavit in support of review application).

Security in court
     60. —(1) Where security has to be given to the court (otherwise than in relation to costs), it may be given by guarantee, bond or the payment of money into court.

    (2) A person proposing to give a bond as security shall give notice to the party in whose favour the security is required, and to the court, naming those who are to be sureties to the bond.

    (3) The court shall forthwith give notice to the parties concerned of a venue for the execution of the bond and the making of any objection to the sureties.

    (4) The sureties shall make an affidavit of their sufficiency (unless dispensed with by the party in whose favour the security is required) and shall, if required by the court, attend the court to be cross-examined.

Further information and disclosure
     61. —(1) Any party to proceedings under these Regulations may apply to the court for an order—

(a) that any other party—


(i) clarify any matter which is in dispute in the proceedings; or

(ii) give additional information in relation to any such matter,



in accordance with CPR Part 18 (further information); or

(b) to obtain disclosure from any other party in accordance with CPR Part 31 (disclosure and inspection of documents).

    (2) An application under this paragraph may be made without notice being served on any other party.

Office copies of documents
     62. —(1) Any person who has under these Regulations the right to inspect the court file of proceedings may require the court to provide him with an office copy of any document from the file.

    (2) A person's right under this paragraph may be exercised on his behalf by his solicitor.

    (3) An office copy provided by the court under this paragraph shall be in such form as the Registrar thinks appropriate, and shall bear the court's seal.

"The court"
     63. —(1) Anything to be done in proceedings under these Regulations by, to or before the court may be done by, to or before a judge of the High Court or a Registrar.

    (2) Where these Regulations require or permit the court to perform an act of a formal or administrative character, that act may be performed by a court officer.

(a) is required to deliver up goods or money; or

(b) has deducted costs from the proceeds of an execution or money paid to him,

the foreign representative may require in writing that the amount of the enforcement officer's or other officer's bill of costs be decided by detailed assessment.

    (2) Where such a requirement is made, if the enforcement officer or other officer does not commence detailed assessment proceedings within 3 months of the requirement under sub-paragraph (1), or within such further time as the court, on application, may permit, any claim by the enforcement officer or other officer in respect of his costs is forfeited by such failure to commence proceedings.

    (3) Where, in the case of a deduction of costs by the enforcement officer or other officer, any amount deducted is disallowed at the conclusion of the detailed assessment proceedings, the enforcement officer or other officer shall forthwith pay a sum equal to that disallowed to the foreign representative for the benefit of the debtor.

Final costs certificate
     66. —(1) A final costs certificate of the costs officer is final and conclusive as to all matters which have not been objected to in the manner provided for under the ru