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Whereas a draft of these Regulations has been approved by resolution of each House of Parliament Now, therefore, the Treasury, in exercise of the powers conferred by section 207 of the Companies Act 1989[1] and now vested in them[2], and of all other powers enabling them in that behalf, hereby make the following Regulations: Citation and commencement 1. These Regulations may be cited as the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001 and shall come into force on 26th November 2001. Purposes and basic definition 2. - (1) These Regulations enable title to units of a security to be evidenced otherwise than by a certificate and transferred otherwise than by a written instrument, and make provision for certain supplementary and incidental matters; and in these Regulations "relevant system" means a computer-based system, and procedures, which enable title to units of a security to be evidenced and transferred without a written instrument, and which facilitate supplementary and incidental matters. (2) Where title to a unit of a security is evidenced otherwise than by a certificate by virtue of these Regulations, the transfer of title to such a unit of a security shall be subject to these Regulations. Interpretation 3. - (1) In these Regulations -
(b) the interests or rights of a person for whom a security is held on trust or by a custodian or depositary;
(b) in relation to units of a security other than shares, means a register of persons holding the units, maintained by or on behalf of the issuer or, in the case of public sector securities, by or on behalf of the person specified in regulation 21(3);
(b) where the Operator or the participating issuer is a partnership, a partner; or in the event that no partner is situated in the United Kingdom, a person in the United Kingdom who is acting on behalf of a partner; and (c) where the Operator or the participating issuer is neither a company nor a partnership, any member of its governing body; or in the event that no member of its governing body is situated in the United Kingdom, a person in the United Kingdom who is acting on behalf of any member of its governing body;
(b) in relation to units of a security other than shares, means an Operator register of corporate securities, an Operator register of public sector securities or, as the case may be, a register maintained by an Operator by virtue of regulation 22(3)(a);
(b) a participating security whose terms of issue (or, in the case of shares, where its terms of issue or the articles of association of the company in question) provide that its units may only be held in uncertificated form and title to them may only be transferred by means of a relevant system;
and other expressions have the meanings given to them by the 1985 Act.
(b) a dematerialised instruction is attributable to a person if it is expressed to have been sent by that person, or if it is expressed to have been sent on behalf of that person, in accordance with the rules and specifications referred to in paragraph 5(4) of Schedule 1; and a dematerialised instruction may be attributable to more than one person.
(3) In respect of a participating security which is a public sector security, references in these Regulations to the participating issuer shall, other than in regulation 41, be taken to be references -
(ii) if the local authority has appointed another person to act as registrar for the purpose of the 1974 Regulations in respect of that security, to the person so appointed; and
(b) in the case of any other public sector security, to the Bank of England.
Applications for approval 4. - (1) Any person may apply to the Treasury for their approval of him as Operator of a relevant system. (2) The application shall be made in such manner as the Treasury may direct and shall be accompanied by -
(b) such other information as the Treasury may reasonably require for the purpose of determining the application.
(3) At any time after receiving an application and before determining it, the Treasury may require the applicant to provide such further information as they reasonably consider necessary to enable them to determine the application.
(b) subject to the provisions of Schedule 2,
approve the applicant as Operator of a relevant system.
(b) in the case of a periodical fee, in satisfying themselves that the Operator, his rules and practices and the relevant system continue to meet the requirements of Schedule 1 and that the Operator is complying with any obligations imposed on him by or under these Regulations.
(4) For the purposes of paragraph (3), the costs incurred by the Treasury shall be determined on the basis that they include such proportion of the following matters as are properly attributable to the performance of the relevant function -
(b) the allocation, over a period of years, whether before or after the coming into force of these Regulations, of any initial expenditure incurred wholly and exclusively to perform the function or to prepare for its performance; (c) any notional interest incurred on any capital expended on or in connection with the performance of the function or in preparing for its performance and, in a case in which any function is exercisable by the designated agency, any actual interest payable on any sums borrowed which have been so expended; and (d) any other matter which, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, may properly be taken account of in ascertaining the costs properly attributable to the performance of the function.
(5) For the purposes of paragraph (4)(c) -
(b) "actual interest" means the actual interest paid on sums borrowed in a transaction at arm's length and, where a sum has been borrowed otherwise than in such a transaction, means whichever is the lesser of the interest actually paid and the interest that might reasonably have been expected to be paid had the transaction been at arm's length.
(6) Any fee received by the Treasury under this regulation shall be paid into the Consolidated Fund. Withdrawal of approval 7. - (1) The Treasury may withdraw an Operator's approval at the request, or with the consent, of the Operator. (2) If it appears to the Treasury that -
(b) an Operator is failing or has failed to comply with any obligation imposed on him by or under these Regulations,
they may withdraw approval from that Operator by written instrument even though the Operator does not wish his approval to be withdrawn.
(b) an Operator has failed to comply with any obligation imposed on him by or under these Regulations.
(2) The Treasury may -
(b) subject to paragraph (4), direct the Operator to take specified steps for the purpose of securing -
(ii) the Operator's compliance with any obligation of the kind in question.
(3) If on any application by the Treasury under paragraph (2)(a) the court is satisfied that the relevant requirement of Schedule 1 is not satisfied or is likely not to be satisfied, or, as the case may be, that the Operator has failed to comply with the obligation in question, it may order the Operator to take such steps as the court directs for securing that the requirement is satisfied or that the obligation is complied with.
(b) that any person has contravened a relevant rule, and that there is a reasonable likelihood that the contravention will continue or be repeated,
the court may make an order restraining (or in Scotland an interdict prohibiting) the contravention.
(b) that there are steps which could be taken for remedying the contravention,
the court may make an order requiring that person and any other person who appears to the court to have been knowingly concerned in the contravention to take such steps as the court may direct to remedy it.
(b) been knowingly concerned in the contravention of a relevant rule,
the court may make an order restraining (or in Scotland an interdict prohibiting) him from disposing of, or otherwise dealing with, any assets of his which it is satisfied he is reasonably likely to dispose of or otherwise deal with.
(b) that one or more persons have suffered loss or been otherwise adversely affected as a result of the contravention.
(6) The court may order the person concerned to pay to the Treasury such sum as appears to the court to be just having regard -
(b) in a case within subparagraph (b) of that paragraph, to the extent of the loss or other adverse effect; or (c) in a case within both of those subparagraphs, to the profits appearing to the court to have accrued and to the extent of the loss or other adverse effect.
(7) Subsections (3) to (5) and (8) of section 382 of the 2000 Act shall apply in relation to an application of the Treasury under paragraph (5) as they have effect in relation to an application of the Authority under subsection (1) of that section; and in those subsections as they so apply -
(b) the references to paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (1) shall be taken to be references to subparagraphs (a) and (b) respectively of paragraph (5).
(8) The jurisdiction conferred by this regulation shall be exercisable by the High Court and the Court of Session.
(b) dealing in investments as agent; (c) arranging deals in investments; (d) managing investments; (e) safeguarding and administering investments; (f) sending dematerialised instructions; (g) establishing etc. a collective investment scheme; (h) advising on investments; or (i) agreeing to carry on any of the activities mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (h).
(11) In paragraph (2), references to remedying a contravention include references to mitigating its effect.
(b) any relevant order under that section; and (c) Schedule 2 to that Act.
Provision of information by Operators
(b) makes new rules or issues new guidance,
he shall give written notice to the Treasury without delay.
(b) give them written notice of any amendment or revocation of, or addition to, guidance issued by it,
but notice need not be given of the revocation of guidance other than is mentioned in subparagraph (a) or of any amendment or addition which does not result in or consist of such guidance as is there mentioned.
(b) any requirements imposed by it on an Operator by virtue of regulation 10; (c) any guidance proposed to be issued by it in the exercise of its functions under these Regulations; and (d) any requirements it proposes to impose on an Operator by virtue of regulation 10,
do not have, and are not intended or likely to have, to any significant extent the effect of restricting, distorting or preventing competition, or if they have or are intended or likely to have that effect to any significant extent, that the effect is not greater than is necessary for the protection of investors.
(b) any requirements imposed by the designated agency on an Operator by virtue of regulation 10; or (c) any practices of the designated agency followed in the exercise of its functions under these Regulations,
have, or are intended or likely to have, to any significant extent the effect of restricting, distorting or preventing competition and that the effect is greater than is necessary for the protection of investors.
(b) to direct the designated agency to take specified steps for the purpose of securing that the guidance, requirements or practices in question do not have the effect mentioned in paragraph (6).
(8) The Treasury may by written instrument -
(b) if at any time it appears to them that the designated agency is unable or unwilling to discharge all or any of the functions delegated to it,
resume all or any of the functions delegated to the designated agency under paragraph (1).
(b) references to the practices of the designated agency are references to the practices of the designated agency in its capacity as such.
(11) If under paragraph (1) the Treasury delegate to the designated agency the Treasury's function of making applications to the court under regulation 9(5), the reference to the Treasury in regulation 9(6) shall, unless the Treasury otherwise provide in the instrument by which that function is delegated, be taken as a reference to the designated agency.
(b) is enforceable, on an application made by the Treasury, by injunction or, in Scotland, by an order for specific performance under section 45 of the Court of Session Act 1988.
Prevention of restrictive practices Participation in respect of shares 14. Where -
(b) the company in question permits the holding of shares of that class in uncertificated form and the transfer of title to any such shares by means of a relevant system,
title to shares of that class which are recorded on an Operator register of members may be transferred by means of that relevant system.
(b) the transfer of title to shares of that class by means of a relevant system; and (c) these Regulations.
16.
- (1) This regulation applies to a class of shares if a company's articles of association in any respect are inconsistent with -
(b) the transfer of title to shares of that class by means of a relevant system; or (c) any provision of these Regulations.
(2) A company may resolve, subject to paragraph (6)(a), by resolution of its directors (in this Part referred to as a "directors' resolution") that title to shares of a class issued or to be issued by it may be transferred by means of a relevant system.
(b) the transfer of title to shares of that class by means of a relevant system; or (c) any provision of these Regulations.
(4) Unless a company has given notice to every member of the company in accordance with its articles of association of its intention to pass a directors' resolution before the passing of such a resolution, it shall give such notice within 60 days of the passing of the resolution.
(b) if a directors' resolution has been passed but not yet come into effect in accordance with its terms, resolve that it shall not come into effect; (c) if a directors' resolution has been passed and is effective in accordance with its terms but the class of shares has not yet been permitted by the Operator to be a participating security, resolve that the directors' resolution shall cease to have effect; or (d) if a directors' resolution has been passed and is effective in accordance with its terms and the class of shares has been permitted by the Operator to be a participating security, resolve that the directors shall take the necessary steps to ensure that title to shares of the class that was the subject of the directors' resolution shall cease to be transferable by means of a relevant system and that the directors' resolution shall cease to have effect,
and the directors shall be bound by the terms of any such ordinary resolution.
(b) a directors' resolution passed in accordance with regulation 16 of the 1995 Regulations was effective,
shall be taken to be a class of shares in relation to which regulation 15 of these Regulations applies or, as the case may be, a directors' resolution passed in accordance with regulation 16 is effective.
(b) the issuer permits the holding of units of that security in uncertificated form and the transfer of title to units of that security by means of a relevant system,
title to units of that security which are recorded on an Operator register of securities may be transferred by means of that relevant system.
(b) the transfer of title to units of that security by means of a relevant system; or (c) subject to paragraph (3), these Regulations,
the issuer shall not permit the holding of units of that security in uncertificated form, or the transfer of title to units of that security by means of a relevant system.
(b) the terms of issue of a security shall be taken to include the terms prescribed by the issuer on which units of the security are held and title to them is transferred.
Entries on registers and records in respect of shares
(b) a register maintained by the Operator, and such a register is referred to in these Regulations as an "Operator register of members".
(2) A participating issuer which is a company shall keep and enter up the issuer register of members in accordance with paragraph 2 of Schedule 4.
(b) keep and enter up that record in accordance with paragraph 5 of Schedule 4.
(7) Such sanctions as apply to a company and its officers in the event of a default in complying with section 352 of the 1985 Act shall apply to -
(b) an Operator and his officers in the event of a default in complying with paragraph (1)(b).
Entries on registers and records in respect of public sector securities
(b) keep and enter up the Operator register of public sector securities in accordance with paragraph 12 of Schedule 4.
(2) The person specified in paragraph (3) shall -
(b) keep and enter up that record in accordance with paragraph 13 of Schedule 4.
(3) The person referred to in paragraph (2) is the Bank of England, except where the security to which an Operator register of public sector securities relates is a local authority security, in which case it is -
(b) if the local authority has appointed another person to act as registrar for the purpose of the 1974 Regulations in respect of that security, the person so appointed.
(4) Such sanctions as apply to a company and its officers in the event of a default in complying with section 352 of the 1985 Act shall apply to an Operator and his officers in the event of a default in complying with paragraph (1)(a).
(ii) keep and enter up the Operator register of corporate securities in accordance with paragraph 14 of Schedule 4;
(b) the participating issuer -
(ii) shall maintain a record of the entries made in any Operator register of corporate securities, and such a record is referred to in these Regulations as a "record of uncertificated corporate securities"; and (iii) shall keep and enter up that record in accordance with paragraph 15 of Schedule 4.
(3) Where a participating issuer is not required by or under an enactment or instrument to maintain in the United Kingdom in respect of a participating security issued by him a register of persons holding units of that participating security, the Operator shall -
(b) record in that register -
(ii) how many units of that security each such person holds in that form.
(4) Such sanctions as apply to a company and its officers in the event of a default in complying with section 352 of the 1985 Act shall apply to an Operator and his officers in the event of a default in complying with paragraph (2)(a)(i) or (3).
(b) shall not give rise to any form of duty or liability on a participating issuer, other than where the Operator acts on the instructions of that participating issuer, in the absence of fraud or other wilful default, or negligence, on the part of that participating issuer; and (c) shall not give rise to any form of duty or liability enforceable by civil proceedings for breach of statutory duty.
(2) Without prejudice to paragraph (1) or to any lesser period of limitation and to any rule as to the prescription of rights, liability incurred by a participating issuer or by an Operator arising -
(b) from a failure to make or delete any such entry,
shall not be enforceable more than 20 years after the date on which the entry was made or deleted or, in the case of a failure, the failure first occurred.
(b) the Operator register of members shows him as holding shares in the company in uncertificated form; or (c) he is deemed to be a member of the company by regulation 32(6)(b).
(4) Section 361 of the 1985 Act shall not apply with respect to a company which is a participating issuer.
(b) where appropriate, related to units of that security held in certificated form.
(7) Subject to regulation 29, an entry on a register maintained by virtue of regulation 22(3)(a) shall (where the units are capable of being held in certificated form) be prima facie evidence, and in Scotland sufficient evidence unless the contrary is shown, that the person to whom the entry relates has such title to the units of the security which he is recorded as holding in uncertificated form as he would have if he held the units in certificated form.
(b) by order of a court in the United Kingdom.
(3) A participating issuer who rectifies an issuer register of securities in order to give effect to an order of a court in the United Kingdom shall immediately give the Operator written notification of the change to the entry, if any rectification of the Operator register of securities may also be required (unless the change to the issuer register is made in response to an Operator-instruction).
(b) generate an Operator-instruction to inform the system-members concerned of the change to the entry.
Closing registers
(b) following receipt of an issuer-instruction notifying him that the circumstances specified in regulation 33(2)(b) have arisen in respect of a transfer of units of a participating security; or (c) following receipt of an issuer-instruction given under Regulation 42(8)(b),
an Operator shall register on the relevant Operator register of securities the transfer of title to those units of that security.
(b) prohibited or avoided by or under an enactment; (c) a transfer to a deceased person; or (d) where the participating issuer is constituted under the law of Scotland, prohibited by or under an arrestment.
(3) Notwithstanding that an Operator has received, in respect of a transfer of title to units of a participating security, actual notice of the kind referred to in paragraph (2), the Operator may register that transfer of title on the relevant Operator register of securities if at the time that he received the actual notice it was not practicable for him to halt the process of registration.
(b) to a minor (which, in relation to a participating issuer constituted under the law of Scotland, shall mean a person under 16 years of age); (c) to be held jointly in the names of more persons than is permitted under the terms of the issue of the security; or (d) where, in relation to the system-member instruction or the issuer-instruction (as the case may be), the Operator has actual notice of any of the matters specified in regulation 35(5)(a)(i) to (iii).
(5) An Operator shall not register a transfer of title to uncertificated units of a security on an Operator register of securities otherwise than in accordance with paragraph (1) unless he is required to do so by order of a court in the United Kingdom or by or under an enactment.
(ii) an order of a court in the United Kingdom; or (iii) a requirement arising by or under an enactment; or
(b) the making or deletion by an Operator of an entry on an Operator register of securities -
(ii) upon the transfer of uncertificated units of a security to a person who is to hold them thereafter in certificated form,
(8) Subsection (5) of section 183 of the 1985 Act shall apply in relation to a refusal by an Operator to register a transfer of securities in any of the circumstances specified in paragraphs (2) and (4), as it applies in relation to a refusal by a company to register a transfer of shares or debentures; and in that subsection as it so applies -
(b) the reference to a notice of the refusal shall be taken to be a reference to an Operator-instruction, or written notification from the Operator, informing the relevant system-member or participating issuer (as the case may be) of the refusal.
(9) Such sanctions as apply to a company and its officers in the event of a default in complying with subsection (5) of section 183 of the 1985 Act shall apply to an Operator and his officers in the event of a default in complying with that subsection as applied by paragraph (8).
(b) prohibited or avoided by or under an enactment; (c) a transfer to a deceased person; or (d) where the participating issuer is constituted under the law of Scotland, prohibited by or under an arrestment.
(4) A participating issuer may refuse to register a transfer of title to relevant units of a security in accordance with an Operator-instruction if the instruction requires a transfer of units -
(b) to a minor (which, in relation to a participating issuer constituted under the law of Scotland, shall mean a person under 16 years of age); (c) to be held jointly in the names of more persons than is permitted under the terms of the issue of the security; or (d) where, in relation to the Operator-instruction. the participating issuer has actual notice from the Operator of any of the matters specified in regulation 35(5)(a)(i) to (iii).
(5) A participating issuer shall notify the Operator by issuer-instruction whether he has registered a transfer in response to an Operator-instruction to do so.
(b) by an order of a court in the United Kingdom; or (c) by or under an enactment.
(7) A unit of a security is a relevant unit for the purposes of this regulation if, immediately before the transfer in question, it was held by the transferor in uncertificated form.
(ii) that it has not been established in accordance with paragraph 21(1)(c) of Schedule 1, in relation to any of the transfers taken without regard to the other transfers, that a settlement bank has agreed to make a payment; and
(b) that registration of all of the transfers would result in each of the persons identified in the system-member instructions as a transferor having title to a number of uncertificated units of a security equal to or greater than nil; and
(2) Where this paragraph applies, the Operator may either -
(b) register all the transfers simultaneously,
unless one or more of those transfers may not be registered by virtue of the fact that the Operator has actual notice of any of the circumstances specified in regulation 27(2), or is to be refused registration by virtue of regulation 27(4).
(b) by virtue of that instruction a participating issuer must register, on an issuer register of securities, a transfer of title to units of a participating security constituted under the law of England and Wales or Northern Ireland.
(2) Where this paragraph applies -
(ii) any enactment or rule of law,
the transferor shall, notwithstanding the deletion of the entry in the Operator register of securities, retain title to the requisite number of units of the relevant participating security until the transferee is entered on the relevant issuer register of securities as the holder thereof; and
(3) Paragraph (4) applies when an Operator deletes an entry on an Operator register of securities in consequence of which -
(b) by virtue of that instruction a participating issuer must register, on an issuer register of securities, a transfer of title to units of a participating security constituted under the law of Scotland.
(4) Where this paragraph applies -
(ii) any enactment or rule of law,
the transferor shall, notwithstanding the deletion of the entry in the Operator register of securities, retain title to the requisite number of units of the relevant participating security until the transferee is entered on the relevant issuer register of securities as the holder thereof; and
(5) The requisite number for the purposes of this regulation is the number of units which are to be specified in the Operator-instruction which the Operator must generate in accordance with regulation 27(7).
(b) as from the time the trust referred to in paragraph (4)(b) arises, any holder, or any holder thereafter, of a floating charge over any part of the property of the transferor shall be deemed to have received notice of the trust's existence and of the property to which it relates.
(8) Subject to paragraphs (6) and (7), this regulation shall not be construed as conferring a proprietary interest (whether of the kind referred to in paragraph (2)(b) or (4)(b), or of any other kind) in units of a security if the conferring of such an interest at the time specified in these Regulations would otherwise be void by or under any enactment or rule of law.
(b) "the transferor" means the person to be identified in the Operator-instruction as the transferor.
Conversion of securities into certificated form
(b) following receipt by an Operator of a system-member instruction requiring the conversion into certificated form of uncertificated units of a participating security registered in the name of the system-member; or (c) following receipt by an Operator of written notification from a participating issuer which is a company requiring the conversion into certificated form of uncertificated units of a participating security, issued by that participating issuer and registered in the name of a system-member, and which contains a statement that the conversion is required to enable the participating issuer to deal with the units in question in accordance with provisions in that participating issuer's memorandum or articles or in the terms of issue of the units in question.
(3) An Operator -
(b) shall generate a rematerialisation notice following a conversion event occurring in the circumstances specified in paragraph (2)(b) unless the participation in the relevant system, by the system-member in whose name the uncertificated units in question are registered, has been suspended pursuant to the Operator's rules; and (c) shall generate a rematerialisation notice following a conversion event occurring in the circumstances specified in paragraph (2)(c).
(4) On the generation of a rematerialisation notice, the Operator shall delete any entry in an Operator register of securities which shows the relevant system-member as the holder of the unit or units specified in the rematerialisation notice.
(b) where those units are shares, the relevant system-member shall be deemed to continue to be a member of the company.
(7) Following -
(b) registration of a transfer of title to units of a security in accordance with regulation 28,
the relevant participating issuer shall, where the terms of issue of the security in question provide for a certificate to be issued, issue a certificate in respect of the units of the security to the relevant person.
(b) to a participating issuer and his officers in the event of a default in complying with paragraph (5).
(10) Such sanctions as apply to a company and its officers in the event of a default in complying with subsection (1) of section 185 of the 1985 Act shall apply to a participating issuer and his officers in the event of a default in complying with paragraph (7) in accordance with the requirements laid down in paragraph (8).
(ii) subject to paragraph (4), the certificate relating to that unit; or
(b) where the unit of the participating security is to be registered on an Operator register of securities in the name of a system-member following a transfer of the unit to him, that the participating issuer -
(ii) subject to paragraph (4), has received (by means of the Operator-system unless the Operator's conversion rules permit otherwise) the certificate relating to that unit; and (iii) may accept by virtue of the Operator's conversion rules that the system-member to whom the unit is to be transferred wishes to hold it in uncertificated form.
(3) The requirement in paragraph (2)(b)(i) that the participating issuer shall have received an instrument of transfer relating to the unit of the participating security shall not apply in a case where for a transfer of a unit of that security no instrument of transfer is required.
(b) where those units are shares, be deemed to continue to be a member of the company.
(9) Where a dematerialisation notice is given in the circumstances specified in paragraph (2)(b), such title shall be retained, and (where appropriate) such membership shall be deemed to continue, until the time at which the Operator enters the name of the relevant system-member on an Operator register of securities in accordance with paragraph (7).
(b) to an Operator and his officers in the event of a default in complying with paragraph (7) or (10).
New issues in uncertificated form Properly authenticated dematerialised instructions, etc. 35. - (1) This regulation has effect for the purpose of determining the rights and obligations of persons to whom properly authenticated dematerialised instructions are attributable and of persons to whom properly authenticated dematerialised instructions are addressed, when such instructions relate to an uncertificated unit of a security, or relate to a right, benefit or privilege attaching to or arising from such a unit, or relate to the details of a holder of such a unit. (2) Where a properly authenticated dematerialised instruction is expressed to have been sent on behalf of a person by a sponsoring system-participant or the Operator -
(ii) that the information contained in the properly authenticated dematerialised instruction is correct; and
(b) the sponsoring system-participant or the Operator (as the case may be) shall not be able to deny to the addressee -
(ii) that he has sent the properly authenticated dematerialised instruction.
(3) Where a properly authenticated dematerialised instruction is expressed to have been sent by a person, and the properly authenticated dematerialised instruction is not expressed to have been sent on behalf of another person, the person shall not be able to deny to the addressee -
(b) that he has sent the properly authenticated dematerialised instruction.
(4) An addressee who receives (whether directly, or by means of the facilities of a sponsoring system-participant acting on his behalf) a properly authenticated dematerialised instruction may, subject to paragraph (5), accept that at the time at which the properly authenticated dematerialised instruction was sent or at any time thereafter -
(b) the system-participant or the Operator (as the case may be) identified in the instruction as having sent the instruction sent the instruction; and (c) the instruction, where relevant, was sent with the authority of the person on whose behalf it is expressed to have been sent.
(5) Subject to paragraph (6), an addressee may not accept any of the matters specified in paragraph (4) if at the time he received the properly authenticated dematerialised instruction or at any time thereafter -
(ii) that the system-participant or the Operator (as the case may be) expressed to have sent the instruction did not send the instruction; or (iii) where relevant, that the person on whose behalf it was expressed to have been sent had not given to the Operator or the sponsoring system-participant (as the case may be), identified in the properly authenticated dematerialised instruction as having sent it, his authority to send the properly authenticated dematerialised instruction on his behalf; or
(b) he was a participating issuer, or a sponsoring system-participant receiving properly authenticated dematerialised instructions on behalf of a participating issuer, and -
(ii) if the instruction was an Operator-instruction requiring the registration of a transfer of title, he had actual notice of any of the circumstances specified in regulation 28(3); or
(c) he was an Operator and the instruction related to a transfer of units of a security which was in excess of any limit imposed by virtue of paragraph 15 of Schedule 1; or
(ii) an issuer-instruction given in the circumstances specified in regulation 33(2)(b) requesting him to register a transfer of title.
(6) Notwithstanding that an addressee has received, in respect of a properly authenticated dematerialised instruction, actual notice of the kind referred to in paragraph (5), the addressee may accept the matters specified in paragraph (4) if at the time that he received the actual notice it was not practicable for him to halt the processing of the instruction.
(b) to contain information which is incorrect; or (c) to be expressed to have been sent by a person who did not send it.
(8) Subject to paragraph (9), a person who is permitted by this regulation to accept any matter shall not be liable in damages or otherwise to any person by reason of his having relied on the matter that he was permitted to accept.
(b) any liability of a participating issuer under regulation 46 arising by reason of a default in complying with, or contravention of, regulation 28(6).
(10) For the purposes of this regulation -
(b) an addressee is the person to whom a properly authenticated dematerialised instruction indicates it is addressed in accordance with the rules and specifications referred to in paragraph 5(5) of Schedule 1.
(11) Nothing in this regulation shall be taken, in respect of any authority, to modify or derogate from the protections to a donee or third person given by or under any enactment or to prohibit a donee or third person so protected from accepting any of the matters specified in paragraph (4).
(b) each reference to information contained in the properly authenticated dematerialised instruction being correct (or incorrect) included, in the case of written notification given under subparagraph (c) of regulation 32(2), a reference to any statement of the sort referred to in that subparagraph being true (or untrue, as the case may be); (c) each reference to an addressee were a reference to the Operator; and (d) the reference in paragraph (6) to the processing of the instruction were to acting on the written notification.
Liability for forged dematerialised instructions, induced amendments to Operator registers of securities, and induced Operator-instructions
(ii) it was not sent from the computers of the system-participant or the computers comprising an Operator-system (as the case may be) from which it is expressed to have been sent;
(b) an act is a causative act if, not being a dematerialised instruction and not being an act which causes a dematerialised instruction to be sent from the computer of a system-participant, it unlawfully causes the Operator -
(ii) to send an Operator-instruction to a participating issuer;
(c) an entry on, deletion from, or amendment to an Operator register of securities is an induced amendment if it is an entry on, deletion from, or amendment to an Operator register of securities which results from a causative act or a forged dematerialised instruction; and
(2) If, as a result of a forged dematerialised instruction (not being one which results in an induced amendment to an Operator register of securities or an induced Operator-instruction), an induced amendment to an Operator register of securities, or an induced Operator-instruction, any one or more of the following events occurs -
(b) the number of units of a security in relation to which the name of any person is entered on a register of securities is increased, reduced, or remains unaltered; (c) the description of any units of a security in relation to which the name of any person is entered on a register of securities is changed or remains unaltered,
and that person suffers loss as a result, he may apply to the court for an order that the Operator compensate him for his loss.
(b) if the Operator shows that a participating issuer would be liable under regulation 46 to compensate the applicant for the loss in respect of which the application is made, by reason of the participating issuer's default in complying with, or contravention of, regulation 28(6).
(5) Subject to paragraphs (6) and (7), the court may award to an applicant compensation for -
(b) each induced amendment to an Operator register of securities; and (c) each induced Operator-instruction,
resulting in an event mentioned in subparagraph (a), (b) or (c) of paragraph (2).
(b) compensation for both an induced amendment to an Operator register of securities and an induced Operator-instruction if that induced amendment and that induced Operator-instruction resulted from the same causative act or the same forged dematerialised instruction.
(7) In respect of liability arising under this regulation the court shall -
(b) in ascertaining the loss, apply the same rules concerning the duty of a person to mitigate his loss as apply to damages recoverable under the common law of England and Wales, Northern Ireland, or Scotland, (as the case may be); and (c) where it finds that the loss was to any extent caused or contributed to by any act or omission of the applicant, reduce the amount of the award by such proportion as it thinks just and equitable having regard to that finding.
(8) An application to the court for an order under paragraph (2) shall not prejudice any right of the Operator to recover from a third party any sum that he may be ordered to pay.
(b) any liability which any person other than the Operator may incur other than under this regulation.
(11) Where an application is made under paragraph (2), and the Operator receives from the applicant a request for information or documents relating to -
(b) an induced amendment to an Operator register of securities; or (c) an induced Operator-instruction,
in respect of which the application is made, the Operator shall, in so far as he is able, and in so far as the request is reasonable, within one month give the applicant the information and documents.
(b) steps taken by the applicant to mitigate the loss suffered by him,
provided that the applicant need not give information or documents pursuant to this paragraph until the Operator has complied with any request made by virtue of paragraph (11).
(b) on grounds of confidentiality of communications made in connection with, or in contemplation of, such proceedings and for the purposes of those proceedings.
(14) The jurisdiction conferred by this regulation shall be exercisable, in the case of a participating security constituted under the law of England and Wales, or Northern Ireland, by the High Court; and in the case of a participating security constituted under the law of Scotland by the Court of Session. Construction of references to transfers etc. 37. References in any enactment or rule of law to a proper instrument of transfer or to a transfer with respect to securities, or any expression having like meaning, shall be taken to include a reference to an Operator-instruction to a participating issuer to register a transfer of title on the relevant issuer register of securities in accordance with the Operator-instruction. Certain formalities and requirements not to apply 38. - (1) Any requirements in an enactment or rule of law which apply in respect of the transfer of securities otherwise than by means of a relevant system shall not prevent -
(b) an Operator-instruction from requiring a participating issuer to register a transfer of title to uncertificated units of a security.
(2) Subject to regulation 32(7), notwithstanding any enactment, instrument or rule of law, a participating issuer shall not issue a certificate in relation to any uncertificated units of a participating security.
(b) regulation 3(2) of the 1965 Regulations and regulation 6(3) of the 1974 Regulations shall not apply to any document issued with respect to uncertificated units of a public sector security.
(4) Any requirement in or under any enactment to endorse any statement or information on a certificate evidencing title to a unit of a security -
(b) in relation to uncertificated units of the security, shall be taken to be a requirement for the relevant participating issuer to provide the holder of the units with the statement or information on request by him.
(5) Sections 53(1)(c) and 136 of the Law of Property Act 1925 (which impose requirements for certain dispositions and assignments to be in writing) shall not apply (if they would otherwise do so) to -
(b) any disposition or assignment of an interest in uncertificated units of a security title to which is held by a relevant nominee.
(6) In paragraph (5) "relevant nominee" means a subsidiary undertaking of an Operator designated by him as a relevant nominee in accordance with such rules and practices as are mentioned in paragraph 25(f) of Schedule 1.
(b) for the purpose of disposing of units of a security which he has power to dispose of in connection with the trust or estate, he has transferred the units to a system-member under arrangements which provide that the price is not to be paid to him until after the transfer is made; or (c) for the purpose of holding units of a security belonging to the trust or estate in uncertificated form and for transferring title to them by means of a relevant system, he has become a system-member.
(2) Notwithstanding section 192 of the 1985 Act, a trustee of a trust deed for securing an issue of debentures shall not be chargeable with a breach of trust by reason only of the fact that he has assented to an amendment of the trust deed only for the purposes of -
(b) allowing the exercise of rights attaching to the debentures by means of a relevant system; or (c) allowing the transfer of title to the debentures by means of a relevant system,
provided that he has given or caused to be given notice of the amendment in accordance with the trust deed not less than 30 days prior to its becoming effective to all persons registered as holding the debentures on a date not more than 21 days before the dispatch of the notice.
(b) sending copies of the documents required to be sent to any person by section 238 of the 1985 Act,
a participating issuer may determine that persons entitled to receive such notices, or copies of such documents (as the case may be), are those persons entered on the relevant register of securities at the close of business on a day determined by him.
(b) by paragraph 13(4) or 15(3) of Schedule 4, to a participating issuer.
Notices to minority shareholders
(ii) identify the holding of uncertificated units of the participating security to which the notice relates; and
(b) enter the name of the relevant system-member on an issuer register of securities as the holder of those uncertificated units.
(3) On receipt of an issuer-instruction under paragraph (2)(a), the Operator shall delete any entry in an Operator register of securities which shows the relevant system-member as the holder of the uncertificated units of the participating security to which the notice relates.
(b) where the terms of issue of the security in question provide for a certificate to be issued, shall issue to the offeror a certificate in respect of those units.
(5) Subsection (1)(b) of section 185 of the 1985 Act shall apply in relation to the issue of a certificate by a participating issuer pursuant to paragraph (4)(b) as it applies in relation to the completion and having ready for delivery by a company of share certificates, debentures or certificates of debenture stock; and in that subsection as it so applies the reference to the date on which a transfer is lodged with the company shall be a reference to the date on which the participating issuer receives the copy notice sent under section 430(5)(a) of the 1985 Act.
(ii) identify the holding of units of the wholly dematerialised security to which the notice relates; and
(b) by a further issuer-instruction, inform the Operator of the name of the transferee.
(9) On receipt of an issuer-instruction under paragraph (8)(a), the Operator shall delete any entry in an Operator register of securities which shows the relevant system-member as the holder of the units to which the notice relates.
(b) subject to -
(ii) any enactment or rule of law,
the relevant system-member shall, notwithstanding that deletion, retain title to the units of the wholly dematerialised security to which the notice relates until the transferee is entered on the relevant Operator register of securities pursuant to paragraph (10);
(12) Such sanctions as apply to a company and its officers in the event of a default in complying with subsection (5) of section 183 of the 1985 Act shall apply -
(b) to an Operator and his officers in the event of a default in complying with paragraph (3), (9) or (10).
(13) For the purposes of this regulation -
(b) "relevant system-member" means the system-member identified in the copy notice sent under section 430(5)(a) of the 1985 Act as the holder of the uncertificated units, or as the case may be the units of the wholly dematerialised security, to which the notice relates; and (c) "transferee" means the offeror or, if the offeror is not a system-member, the system-member in whose name the units of the wholly dematerialised security to which the notice given under section 429 of the 1985 Act relates are to be registered on the Operator register of securities.
(14) The reference in section 430D(5) of the 1985 Act to section 430(6) shall be taken to include a reference to the provisions of paragraphs (4), (8) and (9).
(b) an Operator or participating issuer, or their officers, to take any action to change a unit of a wholly dematerialised security from uncertificated form to certificated form or vice versa.
Breaches of statutory duty
(b) any person acting on behalf of the Crown; (c) the Bank of England; or (d) in respect of a security which immediately before it became a participating security was transferable by exempt transfer within the meaning of the Stock Transfer Act 1982[15], a participating issuer.
Application to Northern Ireland
(b) for the reference to section 136 of the Law of Property Act 1925 there shall be substituted a reference to section 87 of the Judicature (Northern Ireland) Act 1978[17].
(3) In regulation 43(3) for the reference to section 4 of the Powers of Attorney Act 1971 there shall be substituted a reference to section 3 of the Powers of Attorney Act (Northern Ireland) 1971[18].
(b) for references to an overseas branch register there shall be substituted references to an external branch register within the meaning of Article 370 of the 1986 Order; (c) in paragraph 6(1), for the words from "in the case of a company registered in England and Wales" to the end there shall be substituted "elsewhere than in Northern Ireland"; (d) in paragraphs 9 and 15(5), for the words from "and references to the 1985 Act" to the end there shall be substituted "and references to the 1986 Order in the Companies (Inspection and Copying of Registers, Indices and Documents) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1993[19] shall be construed accordingly"; (e) in paragraph 16(2), for subparagraphs (a) and (b) there shall be substituted "in Northern Ireland"; and (f) in paragraph 18(a), for the reference to the Companies Acts there shall be substituted a reference to the Companies Orders within the meaning of Article 2(3) of the 1986 Order.
(5) For references to provisions of the 1985 Act there shall be substituted references to the equivalent provisions of the 1986 Order and, in particular, for the references to the 1985 Act listed in column 1 of Schedule 5, in the provisions of these Regulations listed in column 2 of that Schedule, there shall be substituted the references to the 1986 Order listed in column 3 of that Schedule. Transitory provisions 50. Schedule 6 (transitory provisions) shall have effect. Minor and consequential amendments 51. Schedule 7 (minor and consequential amendments) shall have effect. Revocations 52. - (1) The following provisions of the 1965 Regulations are hereby revoked, namely -
(2) The following provisions of the 1974 Regulations are hereby revoked, namely -
(3) The 1995 Regulations are hereby revoked.
paragraph 5(1)(c) and the word "and" immediately before it, and paragraph 6(3)(d) and the word "and" immediately before it;
1. An Operator must have adequate arrangements and resources for the effective monitoring and enforcement of compliance with his rules or, as respects monitoring, arrangements providing for that function to be performed on his behalf (and without affecting his responsibility) by another body or person who is able and willing to perform it. 2. An Operator must have financial resources sufficient for the proper performance of his functions as an Operator. 3. An Operator must be able and willing to promote and maintain high standards of integrity and fair dealing in the operation of the relevant system and to cooperate, by the sharing of information or otherwise, with the Treasury and any other authority, body or person having responsibility for the supervision or regulation of investment business or other financial services. 4. - (1) Except in the circumstances referred to in subparagraph (2), where an Operator causes or permits a part of the relevant system which is not the Operator-system to be operated by another person (other than as his agent) the Operator -
(b) shall have arrangements to ensure that the person provides him with such information and such assistance as he may require in order to meet his obligations under these Regulations.
(2) Where a part of the relevant system which is not the Operator-system comprises procedures which enable dematerialised instructions to be authenticated in accordance with paragraph 5(3)(b), the Operator shall have arrangements to ensure that he is provided with such information and such assistance as he may require in order to keep under review his agreement to the specifications by which those dematerialised instructions may be authenticated. 5. - (1) A relevant system must be so constructed and operate in such a way that it satisfies the requirements of subparagraphs (2) to (6). (2) The relevant system must minimise the possibility of unauthorised access to, or modification of, any program or data held in any computer forming part of the Operator-system. (3) Each dematerialised instruction must be authenticated -
(ii) is designed to minimise fraud and forgery; or
(b) if it is sent to the Operator by, or by the Operator to, a depositary, a clearing house or an exchange, in accordance with specifications of that depositary, clearing house or exchange to which the Operator has agreed and which provide that each dematerialised instruction -
(ii) is designed to minimise fraud and forgery.
(4) Each dematerialised instruction must, in accordance with any relevant rules of the Operator and with the specifications of the Operator or the specifications referred to in subparagraph (3)(b) (as the case may be), express by whom it has been sent and, where relevant, on whose behalf it has been sent.
(b) where it is sent to a person who is using the facilities of a sponsoring system-participant to receive dematerialised instructions, that it is addressed to that person and the sponsoring system-participant; and (c) where it is sent to the Operator in order for him to send an Operator-instruction to a system-participant, that it is addressed to the Operator, to the system-participant and, if the system-participant is acting as a sponsoring system-participant, to the relevant person on whose behalf the sponsoring system-participant receives dematerialised instructions.
(6) The relevant system must minimise the possibility for a system-participant to send a dematerialised instruction on behalf of a person from whom he has no authority.
(b) which is authorised under that Act to provide clearing services in the United Kingdom; or (c) which provides services outside the United Kingdom which are similar in nature to those provided by any such body or association, and which is regulated or supervised in the provision of those services by a regulatory body or agency of government;
(b) to enable that body or association to permit persons to whom it provides services in the course of its business to hold (whether directly or indirectly) and transfer title to participating securities by means of the Operator's relevant system; and
(b) which is authorised under that Act to provide a facility for the matching and execution of transactions in securities in the United Kingdom; or (c) which provides services outside the United Kingdom which are similar in nature to those provided by any such body or association, and which is regulated or supervised in the provision of those services by a regulatory body or agency of government.
6.
A relevant system must ensure that the Operator-system can send and respond to properly authenticated dematerialised instructions in sufficient volume and speed.
(b) that the transfer is one of two or more transfers which may be registered in accordance with regulation 30(2).
8.
Before an Operator-instruction to a participating issuer to register a transfer of title to uncertificated units of a security is generated, a relevant system must be able to establish that the transferor has title to such number of units of the security as is in aggregate at least equal to the number to be transferred.
(b) be able to make correcting entries in such records as are maintained in order to comply with paragraph 7(a) or 8 which are inaccurate.
12.
A relevant system must be able to permit each participating issuer to inspect the entries from time to time appearing in an Operator register of securities relating to any participating security issued by him.
(b) informing participating issuers in a way which enables them to amend the appropriate records of securities kept by them; and (c) informing settlement banks of their payment obligations.
15.
A relevant system must -
(ii) to limit such authority by reference to the net value of the units of the securities to be transferred in any one day; and
(b) prevent the transfer of units in excess of that limit.
16.
For the purposes of paragraph 15(a)(ii), once authority is granted pursuant to a system charge (within the meaning of regulation 3 of the Financial Markets and Insolvency Regulations 1996[21]) a limit of such authority shall not be imposed or changed without the consent of the donee of that authority.
(b) where appropriate, to require participating issuers to issue certificates relating to units of a participating security held or to be held by them.
19.
Paragraph 18 shall not apply to any wholly dematerialised security. 20. A relevant system must comprise procedures which provide that it responds only to properly authenticated dematerialised instructions which are attributable to a system-user or an Operator. 21. - (1) Subject to subparagraphs (2) to (5), a relevant system must comprise procedures which provide that an Operator only registers a transfer of title to uncertificated units of a security or generates an Operator-instruction requiring a participating issuer to register such a transfer, and only generates an Operator-instruction informing a settlement bank of its payment obligations in respect of such a transfer, if -
(ii) been required to do so by a court in the United Kingdom or by or under an enactment;
(b) it has -
(ii) established that the transfer is one of two or more transfers which may be registered in accordance with regulation 30(2);
(c) in the case of a transfer to a system-member for value, it has established that a settlement bank has agreed to make payment in respect of the transfer, whether alone or taken together with another transfer for value; and
(2) Subparagraph (1)(a) shall not prevent the registration by an Operator of a transfer of title to uncertificated units of a security, or the generation of an Operator-instruction, in accordance with procedures agreed between the Operator and the transferor to enable the transfer by means of a relevant system of uncertificated units of a security provided that such transfer is for the purpose of, or relates to, facilitating the provision of financial credit or financial liquidity to the transferor by a settlement bank, the Bank of England, the European Central Bank, any other central bank, or any other body having functions as a monetary authority.
(b) an Operator-instruction requiring a participating issuer to register a transfer of uncertificated units of a security, or informing a settlement bank of its payment obligations in respect of such a transfer, may be generated,
if necessary to correct an error and if in accordance with the rules made and practices instituted by the Operator in order to comply with this Schedule.
(b) an Operator-instruction requiring a participating issuer to register a transfer of units of a wholly dematerialised security, or informing a settlement bank of its payment obligations in respect of such a transfer, may be generated,
if necessary to effect a transfer of such units, on the termination of participation in the relevant system by the system-member by whom those units are held and if in accordance with the rules made and practices instituted by the Operator in order to comply with this Schedule, to a person nominated under the Operator's rules.
(b) been required to do so by a court in the United Kingdom or by or under an enactment.
(2) A relevant system must comprise procedures which provide that an Operator-instruction to a participating issuer relating to a right, privilege or benefit attaching to or arising from an uncertificated unit of a security, may be generated if necessary to correct an error and if in accordance with the rules made and practices instituted by an Operator in order to comply with this Schedule.
(b) ensure that, where the Operator becomes aware of an error in or relating to a dematerialised instruction, he takes appropriate corrective action.
25.
An Operator's rules and practices -
(ii) as to the action to be taken where transfer of title in response to a system-member instruction or an Operator-instruction cannot be effected;
(b) must make provision as to the manner in which a system-member or the relevant participating issuer may change the form in which that system-member holds units of a participating security (other than a wholly dematerialised security);
(ii) to provide the participating issuer with any relevant information held by the Operator relating to the uncertificated units of the relevant security held by system-members;
(d) must make provision for the orderly termination of participation by system-members and system-participants whose participation is disruptive to other system-members or system-participants or to participating issuers;
(ii) as to the times at which, and the manner in which, a participating issuer may inspect an Operator register of securities in accordance with paragraph 12;
(f) if they make provision for the designation of a subsidiary undertaking as a relevant nominee, must require that the relevant nominee maintain adequate records of -
(ii) the nature and extent of their interests; and
(g) must make provision for the authentication by the Operator of any written notification given under regulation 25(3) or 32(2)(c).
26.
An Operator's rules and practices must require -
(b) that each system-member has arrangements -
(ii) for properly authenticated dematerialised instructions to be received by or for him; and (iii) with a settlement bank for payments to be made, where appropriate, for units of a security transferred by means of the relevant system; and
(c) that each participating issuer is able to respond with sufficient speed to Operator-instructions.
27.
An Operator must have rules which require system-users and former system-users to provide him with such information in their possession as he may require in order to meet his obligations under these Regulations. 1. - (1) The Treasury shall not approve a person as Operator of a relevant system unless they are satisfied that the rules and any guidance of which copies are furnished with the application for approval -
(b) if they have or are intended to have that effect to any significant extent, that the effect is not greater than is necessary for the protection of investors, or for compliance with Directive 2000/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council[22].
(2) Subject to subparagraph (5), the powers conferred by subparagraph (3) shall be exercisable by the Treasury if at any time it appears to them that -
(b) any practices of an Operator in his capacity as such; or (c) any practices of a system-user,
have, or are intended or likely to have, to a significant extent the effect of restricting, distorting or preventing competition and that the effect is greater than is necessary for the protection of investors or for compliance with Directive 2000/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.
(b) to direct the Operator to take specified steps for the purpose of securing that the rules, guidance or practices in question do not have the effect mentioned in subparagraph (2); or (c) to make alterations in the rules of the Operator for that purpose.
(4) The practices referred to in subparagraph (2)(c) are practices in relation to business in respect of which system-users are subject to the rules of the Operator and which are required or contemplated by his rules or guidance or otherwise attributable to his conduct in his capacity as Operator.
(b) exercising any of the powers conferred by subparagraph (3).
2.
- (1) This paragraph applies instead of paragraph 1 where the function of approving a person as Operator has been delegated to the designated agency by virtue of regulation 11.
(b) shall not grant the approval without the leave of the Treasury,
and the Treasury shall not give leave in any case in which they would (apart from the delegation of functions to the designated agency) have been precluded by paragraph 1(1) from granting approval.
(b) direct the designated agency to exercise the power conferred by paragraph 1(3)(b) or (c) in such manner as they may specify.
(5) The provisions of Schedule 3 shall apply as regards the procedure to be followed before the Treasury exercise their power to refuse leave under subparagraph (2), or their power to give a direction under subparagraph (4), in respect of an Operator. 3. - (1) The Treasury shall before deciding -
(b) whether to refuse leave for the granting of an approval pursuant to paragraph 2(2),
send to the Director General of Fair Trading (in this Schedule referred to as "the Director") a copy of the rules and of any guidance which the Treasury are required to consider in making that decision together with such other information as the Treasury consider will assist in discharging his functions under subparagraph (2).
(b) the matters specified in the notices of which copies are sent to him under subparagraph (3),
and if at any time he is of the opinion that any such rules or guidance taken together with any such matters, have, or are intended or likely to have, to any significant extent the effect mentioned in subparagraph (2), he shall report his opinion to the Treasury stating what in his opinion that effect is or is likely to be. 4. - (1) For the purpose of investigating any matter with a view to his consideration under paragraph 3 the Director may by a notice in writing -
(b) require any person carrying on business to furnish to the Director such information as may be specified or described in the notice, and specify the time within which, and the manner and form in which, any such information is to be furnished.
(2) A person shall not under this paragraph be required to produce any document or disclose any information which he would be entitled to refuse to produce or disclose on grounds of legal professional privilege in proceedings in the High Court or on grounds of confidentiality as between client and professional legal adviser in proceedings in the Court of Session. 5. - (1) For the purpose of determining whether a monopoly situation within the meaning of the Fair Trading Act 1973 exists by reason of the circumstances mentioned in section 7(1)(c) of that Act, no account shall be taken of -
(b) any guidance issued by the designated agency in the exercise of its functions under these Regulations or any practices of the designated agency in the exercise of its functions under these Regulations.
(2) Where an Operator's approval is withdrawn there shall be disregarded for the purpose mentioned in subparagraph (1) any such conduct as is mentioned in that subparagraph which occurred while the approval was in force.
(b) that any such person's conduct in carrying on any business to which those rules relate is the subject of guidance issued by an Operator or the designated agency; or (c) that the person (or, if more than one, any of the persons) in whose favour the monopoly situation exists is an Operator or the designated agency,
the Commission, in making their report on that reference, shall exclude from their consideration the question whether the rules, guidance or any acts or omissions of such an Operator or agency as is mentioned in subparagraph (c) in his or its capacity as such operate, or may be expected to operate, against the public interest; and section 54(3) of that Act shall apply subject to the provisions of this paragraph. 6. - (1) The Chapter I prohibition does not apply to -
(b) an agreement for the constitution of a person who has applied for approval as an Operator in accordance with these Regulations and whose application has not yet been determined,
to the extent to which the agreement relates to rules made or guidance issued by the Operator.
(b) a person who is subject to the rules of an Operator.
(4) The Chapter I prohibition does not apply to any agreement the parties to which consist of or include -
(b) a person who is subject to the rules of an Operator,
to the extent to which the agreement consists of provisions the inclusion of which is required or contemplated by these Regulations or by any rules made or guidance issued by the Operator or by the Operator's specified practices.
(b) any practices of persons who are members of, or otherwise subject to rules made by, an Operator and which are practices -
(ii) otherwise attributable to the conduct of the Operator as such;
7.
- (1) Any direction given under this Schedule shall, on the application of the person by whom it was given, be enforceable by injunction or, in Scotland, by an order for specific performance under section 45 of the Court of Session Act 1988. 1. Before -
(b) withdrawing an Operator's approval under regulation 7(2); (c) giving a direction under regulation 8; (d) exercising any power conferred by paragraph 1(3) of Schedule 2; (e) exercising the power to refuse leave under paragraph 2(2) of Schedule 2; or (f) giving a direction under paragraph 2(4) of Schedule 2, the Treasury shall -
(ii) take such steps as they consider reasonably practicable to bring the notice to the attention of system-users; and (iii) publish the notice in such manner as they think appropriate for bringing it to the attention of other persons who are, in their opinion, likely to be affected.
2.
A notice under paragraph 1 shall -
(b) draw attention to the right to make representations conferred by paragraph 3.
3.
Before the end of the period for making representations -
(b) any system-user, and (c) any other person who is likely to be affected by the proposed withdrawal or direction,
may make representations to the Treasury.
(ii) if later, with the date on which that notice is published; or
(b) such longer period as the Treasury may allow in the particular case.
5.
In deciding whether to refuse the application, withdraw the approval, give the direction, or exercise the power in question, the Treasury shall have regard to any representations made in accordance with paragraph 3.
(b) take such steps as they consider reasonably practicable for bringing their decision to the attention of system-users and of any other persons who are, in the Treasury's opinion, likely to be affected.
7.
If the Treasury consider it essential to do so, they may withdraw an Operator's approval under regulation 7(2) or give a direction under regulation 8 -
(b) if the Treasury have begun to follow that procedure, regardless of whether the period for making representations has expired.
8.
If the Treasury have, in relation to a particular matter, followed the procedure set out in paragraphs 1 to 5, they need not follow it again if, in relation to that matter, they decide to take action other than that specified in their notice under paragraph 1. 1. In this Schedule -
2. - (1) Every participating issuer which is a company shall enter in its issuer register of members -
(b) the date on which each person was registered as a member; and (c) the date at which any person ceased to be a member.
(2) With the names and addresses of the members there shall be entered a statement -
(b) of the amount paid or agreed to be considered as paid on the certificated shares of each member.
(3) Where the company has converted any of its shares into stock and given notice of the conversion to the registrar of companies, the issuer register of members shall show the amount and class of the certificated stock held by each member, instead of the amount of shares and the particulars relating to shares specified in subparagraph (2).
(b) with those names and addresses a statement of the uncertificated shares held by each member and, where the company has more than one class of issued uncertificated shares, distinguishing each share by its class; and (c) where the company has converted any of its shares into stock and given notice of the conversion to the registrar of companies, the Operator register of members shall show the amount and class of uncertificated stock held by each member, instead of the amount of shares and the particulars relating to shares specified in subparagraph (b).
(2) An entry relating to a member of a company who has ceased to hold any uncertificated shares in the company may be removed from the Operator register of members after the expiration of 20 years beginning with the day on which he ceased to hold any such shares. 5. - (1) Every participating issuer which is a company shall enter in its record of uncertificated shares -
(b) a statement of the amount paid or agreed to be considered as paid on the uncertificated shares of each member.
(2) A company to which this paragraph applies shall, unless it is impracticable to do so by virtue of circumstances beyond its control, ensure that the record of uncertificated shares is regularly reconciled with the Operator register of members. 6. - (1) Subject to subparagraph (2), a company's issuer register of members and its record of uncertificated shares shall be kept at its registered office, except that -
(b) if the company arranges with some other person for the making up of the issuer register of members or the record of uncertificated shares to be undertaken on its behalf by that other, they may be kept at the office of the other at which the work is done;
but the issuer register of members must not be kept, in the case of a company registered in England and Wales, at any place elsewhere than in England and Wales or, in the case of a company registered in Scotland, at any place elsewhere than in Scotland.
(b) references in section 356 to the company's index of members were references to the index required to be kept by paragraph 7,
and references to the 1985 Act in the Companies (Inspection and Copying of Registers, Indices and Documents) Regulations 1991[25] shall be construed accordingly.
or with any requirement of the 1985 Act as to the production of the register of members or any part thereof, that other person is liable to the same penalties as if he were an officer of the company who was in default, and the power of the court under section 356(6) of the 1985 Act extends to the making of orders against that other and his officers and servants. 12. - (1) Where an Operator of a relevant system is required to maintain an Operator register of public sector securities, that register shall comprise the following particulars which the Operator shall enter on it, namely -
(b) how many units of that security each such person holds in that form.
(2) The following provisions of the 1965 Regulations shall not apply in respect of units of UK Government securities held in uncertificated form -
(3) The following provisions of the 1974 Regulations shall not apply in respect of units of local authority securities held in uncertificated form -
13. - (1) The participating issuer shall enter in a record of uncertificated public sector securities the same particulars, so far as is practicable, as are required by paragraph 12(1) to be entered in the relevant Operator register of public sector securities. (2) In respect of every participating security which is a UK Government security, the record of uncertificated public sector securities shall be kept in the office of the Chief Registrar of the Bank of England. (3) The participating issuer shall, unless it is impracticable to do so by virtue of circumstances beyond his control, ensure that the record of uncertificated public sector securities is regularly reconciled with the Operator register of public sector securities. (4) Provided that he has complied with subparagraph (3), a participating issuer shall not be liable in respect of any act or thing done or omitted to be done by him or on his behalf in reliance upon the assumption that the particulars entered in any record of uncertificated public sector securities which he is required to keep by these Regulations accord with the particulars entered in the Operator register of public sector securities to which the record relates. (5) The provisions of the Bankers' Books Evidence Act 1879[26] shall apply for the purpose of proving any entry in the record of uncertificated public sector securities as if the participating issuer were a bank and a banker within the meaning of that Act, and as if such entry in the record, or, where the information recorded therein is not in readable form and is later transcribed into readable form, the transcribed version of such entry, were an entry in a banker's book. 14. - (1) Where an Operator of a relevant system is required to maintain an Operator register of corporate securities, that register shall comprise the following particulars which the Operator shall enter on it, namely -
(b) how many units of that security each such person holds in that form.
(2) Sections 190 and 191 of the 1985 Act shall not apply to any part of an Operator register of corporate securities. 15. - (1) A participating issuer shall enter in a record of uncertificated corporate securities the same particulars, so far as practicable, as are required by paragraph 14(1) to be entered in the relevant Operator register of corporate securities. (2) A participating issuer to which this paragraph applies shall, unless it is impracticable to do so by virtue of circumstances beyond its control, ensure that the record of uncertificated corporate securities is regularly reconciled with the Operator register of corporate securities. (3) Provided that it has complied with subparagraph (2), a participating issuer shall not be liable in respect of any act or thing done or omitted to be done by it or on its behalf in reliance upon the assumption that the particulars entered in any record of uncertificated corporate securities which the participating issuer is required to keep by these Regulations accord with the particulars entered in any Operator register of corporate securities relating to it. (4) In the case of a participating issuer which is a company, the record of uncertificated corporate securities shall be kept at the same place as the part of any register of debenture holders maintained by the company would be required to be kept. (5) Section 191(1), (2), (4) and (5) of the 1985 Act shall apply in relation to a record of uncertificated corporate securities maintained by a participating issuer which is a company, so far as that record relates to debentures, as it applies or would apply to any register of debenture holders maintained by the company; and references to the 1985 Act in the Companies (Inspection and Copying of Registers, Indices and Documents) Regulations 1991 shall be construed accordingly. (6) Any provision of an enactment or instrument which requires a register of persons holding securities (other than shares or public sector securities) to be open to inspection shall also apply to the record of uncertificated corporate securities relating to any units of those securities which are participating securities. 16. - (1) Every register which an Operator is required to maintain by virtue of these Regulations shall be kept in the United Kingdom. (2) Provided that it is kept in the United Kingdom, any such register which relates to securities issued by a company shall be deemed to be kept -
(b) in the case of a company registered in Scotland, in Scotland.
17.
- (1) An entry in a register of securities or in a record of securities relating to a person who no longer holds the securities which are the subject of the entry may be removed from the register or the record (as the case may be) after the expiration of 20 years beginning with the day on which the person ceased to hold any of those securities.
(b) to an Operator and its officers as they apply to a company and its officers.
19.
- (1) Such sanctions as apply to a company and its officers in the event of a default in complying with section 352 of the 1985 Act shall apply to an Operator and his officers in the event of a default in complying with paragraph 4, 12 or 14.
(b) a participating issuer which is a company, in relation to so much of the record of uncertificated corporate securities as does not relate to debentures,
and his officers in the event of a default in complying with paragraph 15.
(b) any person acting on behalf of the Crown; (c) the Bank of England; or (d) in respect of a security which immediately before it became a participating security was transferable by exempt transfer within the meaning of the Stock Transfer Act 1982, a participating issuer.
20.
An officer of a participating issuer shall be in default in complying with, or in contravention of paragraph 2, 5, 6, 7, 13 or 15, or section 722(2) of the 1985 Act as applied by paragraph 18, if, and only if, he knowingly and wilfully authorised or permitted the default or contravention.
1. Prior to the day on which section 19 of the 2000 Act comes into force, each provision of these Regulations specified in this Schedule shall have effect modified as provided in this Schedule. 2. The definition of "securities" in regulation 3(1) shall be modified by the substitution of the words "the 1986 Act" for the words "section 235 of the 2000 Act". 3. Regulation 5 shall be modified by the substitution for paragraph (4) of -
4.
Regulation 7 shall be modified by -
(b) the substitution for paragraphs (3) to (6) of -
(b) any reference to members of a recognised organisation shall be taken to be a reference to system-users; (c) any reference to the Secretary of State shall be taken to be a reference to the Treasury; (d) any reference to an order other than a recognition order shall be taken to be a reference to a written instrument; and (e) the reference in subsection (6) to the interests of investors shall be taken to be a reference to the interests of system-users."
5.
Regulation 8 shall be modified by -
(b) so far as is practicable to estimate it, have regard to the cost to the Operator of complying with any term of any direction and to the costs to other persons resulting from the Operator's compliance."; and
(b) the omission of paragraphs (5) and (7).
6.
In regulation 9 -
(b) paragraphs (10) to (12) shall be modified by the substitution of the words "investment business within the meaning of the 1986 Act" for the words from "business of any of the following kinds" in paragraph (10) to the end of paragraph (12).
7.
Regulation 11(1) shall be modified to read -
(b) which is able and willing to discharge all or any of the functions conferred by this Part of these Regulations,
they may, subject to paragraphs (2) and (5), by instrument in writing delegate all or any of those functions to that body; and a body to which functions are so delegated is referred to in these Regulations as a "designated agency".".
8.
In paragraph 5(7) of Schedule 1 -
(b) paragraph (a) of the definition of "exchange" shall be modified by the substitution of the words "for the purposes of the 1986 Act" for the words "within section 285(1)(a) of the 2000 Act".
9.
Schedule 2 shall be modified by -
(b) any reference to members of a recognised organisation shall be taken to be a reference to system-users; (c) any reference to the Secretary of State shall be taken to be a reference to the Treasury; and (d) any reference to an order other than a recognition order shall be taken to be a reference to a written instrument.";
(b) the omission from paragraph 2 of subparagraph (5); and
(b) have regard to any representation made within such time as they consider reasonable by the Operator or by any such other person.
(2) A notice under subparagraph (1) shall give particulars of the manner in which the Treasury propose to exercise the power in question and state the reasons for which they propose to act; and the statement of reasons may include matters contained in any report received by them under paragraph 3.".
1. In section 3 of the National Debt Act 1870[28], for the definition of "Stockholder" there shall be substituted -
(b) a register kept by the Operator of a relevant system under the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001 (and "Operator" and "relevant system" shall have the same meanings as they have in those Regulations):".
2.
In subsection (1) of section 2 of the National Debt (Stockholders Relief) Act 1892[29], for the word "inscribed" there shall be substituted "entered in a relevant register". 3. In section 48 of the Finance (No. 2) Act 1915[30] -
(b) after "by that person" there shall be inserted "; and in this section "Operator" and "relevant system" have the same meanings as they have in the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001".
4.
In section 67 of the Finance Act 1916[31] -
(b) at the end of that section there shall be added "; and in this section "Operator" and "relevant system" have the same meanings as they have in the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001".
5.
In section 48 of the Finance Act 1949[32] -
(b) in the proviso to subsection (1) -
(ii) for "to the Bank" there shall be substituted "to the Bank, or to that Operator as the case may be,";
(c) in subsection (2), after "Bank of England" there shall be inserted "or the Operator, as the case may be,"; and
6. In section 73 of the Finance (No. 2) Act 1975[33] -
(b) after subsection (4) the following subsection shall be added -
(b) the references to the Bank in subsections (2) and (3) so far as they apply for the purposes of that paragraph,
shall be taken to be references to that Operator; and in this subsection "Operator" and "relevant system" have the same meanings as in the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001.".
7. In subsection (1)(b) of section 182 of the 1985 Act, after "simplified process)" there shall be inserted "and to regulations made under section 207 of the Companies Act 1989 (which enable title to securities to be evidenced and transferred without a written instrument).". 8. In subsection (1) of section 183 of that Act, after "Stock Transfer Act 1982" there shall be inserted "or is in accordance with regulations made under section 207 of the Companies Act 1989.". 9. In section 209(9B)(b) of the 1985 Act, for "Uncertificated Securities Regulations 1995" there shall be substituted "Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001". 10. In subsection (4) of section 380 of the 1985 Act, after paragraph (k) the following paragraphs shall be added -
(m) a resolution of a company passed by virtue of regulation 16(6) of the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001 (which prevents or reverses a resolution of the directors under regulation 16(2) of those Regulations).".
11.
In subsection (1) of section 180 of the 1986 Act, after paragraph (n) the following paragraph shall be added -
12.
In the 1986 Act, in -
(b) Note (3) to that paragraph; and (c) subparagraph (5B)(a) of paragraph 18 of Schedule 1,
for "Uncertificated Securities Regulations 1995" in each place where it occurs there shall be substituted "Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001". 13. In the Banking Act 1987[34], in -
(b) section 84(11)(e),
for "Uncertificated Securities Regulations 1995" there shall be substituted "Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001". 14. In the 1965 Regulations -
(b) in regulation 2(1), for "Subject to Regulation 5 of the Stock Transfer (Gilt-edged Securities) (CGO Service) Regulations 1985 and (in the case of stock which is a participating security) any provision made by or under the 1995 Regulations, every" there shall be substituted "Every"; (c) in regulation 3B(2), for "the register" there shall be substituted -
(b) a register kept by the Operator of a relevant system under the 2001 Regulations,";
(d) in regulation 4[35] -
(ii) after paragraph (4) there shall be inserted -
(6) A strip shall be transferable in no other manner than by means of a relevant system operated by an Operator in accordance with the 2001 Regulations.";
(f) in regulation 10 -
(ii) there shall be omitted the words from "or, in the case of an exempt transfer" to the end;
(g) in regulation 14(6), 15(4) and 16(4) -
(ii) for "the 1995 Regulations" there shall be substituted "the 2001 Regulations";
(h) in regulation 23(1), for ""the 1995 Regulations" means the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 1995 as amended from time to time;" there shall be substituted ""the 2001 Regulations" means the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001 as amended from time to time;";
15.
In the 1974 Regulations -
(ii) the definitions of "the CGO Service"; "CGO Service member"; "the CGO Service Regulations"; and "exempt transfer" shall be omitted;
(b) in regulation 6(1), for "Subject to regulation 6A below the" there shall be substituted "The";
(ii) after paragraph (1) there shall be inserted as a new paragraph -
(d) in regulation 13(2) -
(ii) there shall be omitted the words from "or, in the case of an exempt transfer" to the end.
16.
In the Exchange of Securities (General) Rules 1979[36] -
(b) in rule 6 -
(b) the acceptance may be made by such means of electronic communication, and subject to such conditions, as the Treasury may approve for that purpose."; and
17. In the Companies (Registers and other Records) Regulations 1985[37] -
(ii) at the end of paragraph (2) there shall be inserted -
(b) as if references to the Act were references to the 2001 Regulations.
(6) This Regulation applies with respect to an index kept by virtue of paragraph 7 of Schedule 4 to the 2001 Regulations which is kept by a company by recording the matters in question otherwise than in legible form -
(b) as if references to the Act were references to the 2001 Regulations.";
(c) at the end of regulation 3 there shall be inserted as a new paragraph -
(ii) after paragraph (2) there shall be inserted as a new paragraph -
(b) the reference to the index of the register of members were a reference to an index kept by virtue of paragraph 7 of Schedule 4 to the 2001 Regulations.".
18.
In the Stamp Duty Reserve Tax Regulations 1986[38], in the definition of "the Treasury Regulations" in regulation 2, for "Uncertificated Securities Regulations 1995" there shall be substituted "Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001". 19. In the Companies (Registers and other Records) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1986 [39] -
(ii) at the end of paragraph (2) there shall be inserted -
(b) as if references to the Order were references to the 2001 Regulations.
(6) This Regulation applies with respect to an index kept by virtue of paragraph 7 of Schedule 4 to the 2001 Regulations which is kept by a company by recording the matters in question otherwise than in legible form -
(b) as if references to the Order were references to the 2001 Regulations.";
(c) at the end of regulation 4 there shall be inserted as a new paragraph -
(ii) after paragraph (2) there shall be inserted as a new paragraph -
(b) the reference to the index of the register of members were a reference to an index kept by virtue of paragraph 7 of Schedule 4 to the 2001 Regulations.".
20.
In the Financial Markets and Insolvency Regulations 1996[40] -
(ii) the definition of "the 1995 Regulations" shall be omitted; (iii) in the definition of "relevant nominee", for "paragraph 19(d) of Schedule 1 to the 1995 Regulations" there shall be substituted "paragraph 25(f) of Schedule 1 to the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001"; (iv) in the definition of "transfer", for "the generation of an Operator-instruction requiring a participating issuer to register a system-member on the relevant register of securities as the holder of those units;" there shall be substituted "the registration of a transfer of title to those units in the relevant Operator register of securities;"; and (v) in the full-out to regulation 2(1), for "the 1995 Regulations" there shall be substituted "the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001";
(b) in regulation 2(2)(a), for "regulation 19 of the 1995 Regulations" there shall be substituted "regulation 20, 21 or 22 of the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001"; and
21.
In the Stock Transfer (Addition and Substitution of Forms) Order 1996[41], in paragraph (2) of article 1, for "Uncertificated Securities Regulations 1995" there shall be substituted "Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001". 22. In the Financial Services Act 1986 (Exemption) Order 1996[42], in paragraph (3) of article 1, for "Uncertificated Securities Regulations 1995" in both places where it occurs there shall be substituted "Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001". 23. In the Stamp Duty Reserve Tax (UK Depository Interests in Foreign Securities) Regulations 1999[43], in the definition of "foreign securities" in regulation 2, for "Uncertificated Securities Regulations 1995" there shall be substituted "Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001". 24. In the Open-Ended Investment Companies Regulations 2001 -
(b) for regulation 50(2) there shall be substituted -
(This note is not part of the Regulations) 1. These Regulations make provision for the transfer without a written instrument, and the evidencing otherwise than by a certificate, of title to a unit of a security, in accordance with a computer-based system and procedures known as the "relevant system". The relevant system centres on a person known as the "Operator". The legal framework underlying the operation of the relevant system, together with the criteria which the Operator and the relevant system must meet, are enshrined in these Regulations. 2. Regulations 2 and 3 set out the purposes of and definitions used in the Regulations. A unit of a security which may be transferred by means of the relevant system is referred to as an "uncertificated" unit. A security, the units of which may become uncertificated, is referred to as a "participating security". An issuer who issues a participating security is, in relation to that security, referred to as a "participating issuer". Instructions sent by means of the relevant system are referred to as "dematerialised instructions". 3. Regulations 4 to 13 make provision for the approval of the Operator by the Treasury if it appears to them that he, his rules and any relevant system meet certain criteria specified in Schedule 1. The Regulations give the Treasury certain powers in relation to the Operator if he, his rules or the relevant system, fails to meet the criteria, or if necessary for the performance of their functions under the Regulations. Provision is also made for the delegation by the Treasury of their functions under the Regulations to the Financial Services Authority, which is referred to in the Regulations as the "designated agency" when carrying out functions which have been so delegated. Schedule 2 provides for oversight by the Director General of Fair Trading of the rules and guidance of the Operator to ensure that they do not distort competition. Schedule 3 sets out the procedure to be followed before refusing or withdrawing approval as an Operator, giving a direction to an Operator, or exercising certain powers under Schedule 2. 4. Regulations 14 to 19 set out the conditions on which issuers may allow securities issued by them to become participating securities and hence to be held in uncertificated form and transferred by means of the relevant system. Provision is made for a class of shares governed by articles of association which are in all respects consistent with the Regulations to become a participating security. Provision is also made for the directors of a company to pass a "directors' resolution" so that other classes of shares can become participating securities notwithstanding any contrary provisions in the articles of association, and for the members of the company to prevent or reverse a directors' resolution. Conditions are specified for securities other than shares to become participating securities. Transitional provision is made in respect of securities which were participating securities for the purposes of the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 1995. The 1995 Regulations are superseded by these Regulations. 5. Regulations 20 to 26 (together with Schedule 4) make provision for the keeping of "registers of securities" and "records of securities" in respect of participating securities. In particular, provision is made for the keeping by the Operator of registers recording persons holding uncertificated units of a participating security, and for the legal effect of entries on the registers which the Regulations require to be kept. Provision is also made in respect to the rectification or closing of such registers. 6. Regulations 27 to 30 make provision for the registration of transfers of title to units of a participating security. Provision is made for registration by the Operator of a transfer of title to an uncertificated unit of a security in certain circumstances (in particular, upon settlement of the transfer in accordance with the Operator's rules). Provision is also made for a participating issuer, subject to a number of exceptions, to register the transfer of title to a relevant unit of a security following an Operator-instruction to do so. Further provision is made to allow the Operator to register two or more transfers of uncertificated units of a security on a net basis, or simultaneously, in certain circumstances. 7. Regulation 31 applies in a case in which, as a consequence of a transfer of a unit of a participating security, that unit ceases to be held in uncertificated form, so that the transfer of title to the unit is therefore required to be registered on a register of securities kept by the participating issuer. Provision is made for the transferee to acquire a property right in such units of a security before his name appears on the register of securities kept by the participating issuer. Other than in the case of Scottish securities, the transferee acquires an equitable interest in a number of units calculated in accordance with the regulation. In relation to Scottish securities, the transferor is deemed to hold on trust for the transferee a number of units which is calculated in the same way. 8. Regulations 32 to 34 make provision for the conversion of units of a participating security between certificated and uncertificated form, and for the issue of new units of a participating security in uncertificated form. 9. Regulation 35 prevents persons who send certain dematerialised instructions, and persons on whose behalf they are sent, from denying particular matters relating to the instructions. It also makes provision for persons receiving such instructions to accept, with certain exceptions, that the information contained in them and matters relating to them are correct. 10. Regulation 36 provides that the Operator is liable, in certain circumstances, if a person suffers loss as a result of the sending of certain dematerialised instructions, or the making of certain amendments to a register of securities kept by the Operator. 11. Regulations 37 and 38 amend certain references in enactments and rules of law, and disapply certain formalities and requirements. 12. Regulation 39 preserves the Operator's right to charge for carrying out functions under these Regulations, other than charging a participating issuer for maintaining an Operator register of securities. 13. Regulation 40 makes provision for trustees and personal representatives to use a relevant system and for debentures to be held in uncertificated form and transferred by means of a relevant system. 14. Regulation 41 makes provision for giving notices of meetings and for sending copies of certain documents. 15. Regulations 42 and 43 make provision relating to take-overs of companies with shares held in uncertificated form. 16. Regulation 44 makes provision as to the determination of actual notice of a fact, matter or thing for the purposes of the Regulations. 17. Regulation 45 provides that certain obligations to which the Regulations would otherwise give rise do not arise in the case of a wholly dematerialised security as defined in regulation 3(1). 18. Regulations 46 to 48 makes provision as to liability for defaults and contraventions. Provision is made for participating issuers to be liable for breach of statutory duty for contravening certain regulations, and for the liability of officers of participating issuers and the Operator in respect of certain contraventions. Provision is also made for certain exemptions from liability. 19. Regulation 49 and Schedule 5 adapt the Regulations as they apply to Northern Ireland. 20. Regulation 50 gives effect to Schedule 6, which sets out the modified form in which certain provisions of the Regulations will take effect before the main provisions of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 come into force. 21. Regulation 51 gives effect to Schedule 7 which makes minor and consequential amendments to certain enactments. 22. Regulation 52 revokes certain enactments, including the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 1995. Notes: [1] 1989 c. 40; section 207 was amended by the Bank of England Act 1998 (c. 11), section 35.back [2] By the Transfer of Functions (Financial Services) Order 1992 (S.I. 1992/1315).back [6] S.I. 1986/1032 (N.I. 6).back [7] S.I. 1965/1420; amended by S.I. 1981/1004; S.I. 1982/670; S.I. 1985/1146; S.I. 1990/2253; S.I. 1997/1709; S.I. 1998/1749; S.I. 1999/1410 and S.I. 2000/1681.back [8] S.I. 1974/519; amended by S.I. 1983/529; S.I. 1985/1148; S.I. 1986/345; S.I. 1990/419; S.I. 1991/2000; S.I. 1999/1409 and S.I. 2000/1680.back [9] S.I. 1995/3272; amended by S.I. 1996/2827; S.I. 1997/251; S.I. 1999/506; S.I. 2000/311; S.I. 2000/1682 and S.I. 2000/2952.back [12] 1942 c. 21; section 47(1B) was inserted by the Finance Act 1996 (c. 8), section 202(2).back [19] S.R. (N.I.) 1993 No. 66.back [22] Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20th March 2000 relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of credit institutions (O.J. No. L 126, 26.5.2000, p. 1).back [27] Article 198 was substituted by Article 65(6) of, and paragraph 6 of Schedule 4 to, the Companies (No. 2) (Northern Ireland) Order 1990 (S.I. 1990/1504 (N.I. 10)). Article 217 was substituted by regulation 8 of the Disclosure of Interests in Shares (Amendment) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1994 (S.R. (N.I.) 1994 No. 2) and further amended by regulation 2 of the Disclosure of Interests in Shares (Amendment) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1996 (S.R. (N.I.) 1996 No. 246) and regulation 75 of, and paragraph 5 of Part I of Schedule 8 to, the Open-Ended Investment Companies (Investment Companies with Variable Capital) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1997 (S.R. (N.I.) 1997 No. 251). Article 246 was inserted by article 9 of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1990 (S.I. 1990/593 (N.I. 5)). Article 360A was inserted by regulation 2(1)(b) of, and paragraph 4 of the Schedule to, the Companies (Single Member Private Companies) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1992 (S.R. (N.I.) 1992 No. 405). Articles 421, 422 and 423 were substituted by Article 26 of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 (S.I. 1989/204 (N.I. 18)). Article 423D was inserted by Article 26 of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 (S.I. 1989/204 (N.I. 18)). Paragraph 24 of Schedule 13 was amended by articles 77(10) and 113 of, and Schedule 6 to, the Companies (No. 2) (Northern Ireland) Order 1990 (S.I. 1990/1504 (N.I. 10)).back [29] 1892 c. 39; section 2 was substituted by section 108(1) of the Finance Act 1997 (c. 16).back [30] 1915 c. 89; the relevant amendment to section 48 was made by section 108(1) of the Post Office Act 1969 (c. 48).back [31] 1916 c. 24; section 67 was amended by section 108(1) of the Post Office Act 1969.back [34] 1987 c. 22; relevant amending instrument is S.I. 1996/1669.back [35] Paragraph (1) of regulation 4 was numbered as such by article 2 of S.I. 1981/1004 and amended by regulation 4 of S.I. 1985/1146 and regulation 2 of S.I. 2000/1681; paragraphs (2) to (4) of regulation 4 were inserted by article 2 of S.I. 1981/1004, regulation 4 of S.I. 1985/1146 and regulation 4 of S.I. 1997/1709 respectively.back [36] S.I. 1979/1678; relevant amending instruments are S.I. 1985/1147; S.I. 1998/2505; S.I. 1999/1207 and S.I. 2000/1516.back [38] S.I. 1986/1711; relevant amending instrument is S.I. 1997/2430.back [39] S.R. (N.I.) 1986 No. 306.back
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