Statutory Instrument 1993 No. 2807

The Libya (United Nations Sanctions) Order 1993

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© Crown Copyright 1993

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1993 No. 2807

UNITED NATIONS

The Libya (United Nations Sanctions) Order 1993

At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 16th day of November 1993

Present,

The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in Council

Whereas under Article 41 of the Charter of the United Nations the Security Council of the United Nations has, by resolutions adopted on 31st March 1992 and 11th November 1993, called upon Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom and all other States to apply certain measures to give effect to a decision of that Council in relation to Libya:

Now, therefore, Her Majesty, in exercise of the powers conferred on Her by section 1 of the United Nations Act 1946^[1], is pleased, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows:

Citation, commencement, operation and extent
    1.—(1)  This Order may be cited as the Libya (United Nations Sanctions) Order 1993 and shall come into force on 1st December 1993.

    (2)  If, after the making of this Order, the Security Council of the United Nations takes a decision which has the effect of cancelling or suspending the operation of the resolutions adopted by it on 31st March 1992 and 11th November 1993, this Order shall cease to have effect or its operation shall be suspended, as the case may be, in accordance with that decision; and particulars of that decision shall be published by the Secretary of State in a notice in the London, Edinburgh and Belfast Gazettes.

    (3)  This Order shall extend to the United Kingdom.

Interpretation
    2.—(1)  In this Order the following expressions have, except where otherwise expressly provided, the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say-
"the 1992 Order" means the Libya (United Nations Sanctions) Order 1992^[2];
"body corporate" includes a Scottish partnership and, in relation to such a partnership, any reference to a director or other officer of a body corporate is a reference to a partner;
"export" includes shipment as stores;
"exportation" in relation to any vessel, submersible vehicle or aircraft, includes the taking out of the United Kingdom of the vessel, submersible vehicle or aircraft notwithstanding that it is conveying goods or passengers and whether or not it is moving under its own power; and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly;
"Libyan aircraft" means (a) any aircraft registered in Libya; and (b) any other aircraft for the time being chartered to a person connected with Libya;
"person connected with Libya" means
 (a) the Government of Libya;
 (b) any other person in, or resident in, Libya;
 (c) any body incorporated or constituted under the law of Libya;
 (d) any body, wherever incorporated or constituted, which is controlled by any of the persons mentioned in sub-paragraphs (a) to (c) above; or
 (e) any person acting on behalf of any of the persons mentioned in sub-paragraphs (a) to (d) above;


"shipment" (and cognate expressions) and "stores" shall have the meanings they bear in the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979^[3];
"vehicle" means land transport vehicle;
"vessel" has the meaning it bears in the Export of Goods (Control) Order 1992^[4].

Supply of certain goods to Libya
    3.—(1)  Except under the authority of a licence granted by the Secretary of State under this article or the 1992 Order, no person shall-
 (a) supply or deliver;
 (b) agree to supply or deliver; or
 (c) do any act calculated to promote the supply or delivery of,
any goods specified in Schedule 1 to this Order to or to the order of a person connected with Libya.

    (2)  Nothing in paragraph (1)(b) or (c) of this article shall apply where the supply or delivery of the goods to the person concerned is authorised by a licence granted by the Secretary of State under this article or Article 4 of this Order or under the 1992 Order.

Exportation of certain goods to Libya
    4.    Except under the authority of a licence granted by the Secretary of State under this article or the 1992 Order, the goods specified in Schedule 1 to this Order are prohibited to be exported from the United Kingdom to any destination in Libya or to any destination for the purpose of delivery, directly or indirectly, to or to the order of any person connected with Libya.

Licensing arrangements for arms and oil industry equipment
    5.    Except under the authority of a licence granted by the Secretary of State under this article or the 1992 Order, no person shall assign or transfer to any person connected with Libya, or enter into any licensing agreement or other arrangements for the use by any person connected with Libya of,-
 (a) any copyright;
 (b) any patent or application for a patent or any right in or under any patent;
 (c) any registered design, industrial design or utility model;
 (d) any design right or any document recording the design;
 (e) any trade mark or service mark; or
 (f) any technical information or know-how,
for or in connection with the manufacture or maintenance of any goods specified in Part A or Part D of Schedule 1 to this Order.

Supply of certain technical advice, assistance or training
    6.    Except under the authority of a licence granted by the Secretary of State under this article or the 1992 Order, no person shall-
 (a) provide to a person connected with Libya, any technical advice, assistance or training related to the supply, delivery, manufacture, maintenance or use of any goods specified in Part A of Schedule 1 to this Order;
 (b) provide to a Libyan national, any advice, assistance or training as an aircraft pilot, aircraft flight engineer or aircraft or ground maintenance engineer.

Servicing of aircraft
    7.    Except under the authority of a licence granted by the Secretary of State under this article or the 1992 Order, no person shall provide engineering or maintenance servicing for any Libyan aircraft or any other aircraft in Libya, or for any component of any such aircraft.

Insurance of Libyan aircraft
    8.—(1)  This article applies to any contract of insurance, other than a contract of re-insurance, upon any Libyan aircraft or upon the machinery, tackle, furniture or equipment of any such aircraft.

    (2)  Except under the authority of a licence granted by the Secretary of State under this article or the 1992 Order-
 (a) no person shall make payment in full or partial settlement of any claim under a contract of insurance to which this article applies unless the claim is in respect of an incident occurring before the coming i nto force of the 1992 Order;
 (b) no person shall effect any new contract of insurance, or agree to any variation or extension of any existing contract of insurance, to which this article applies.

Libyan Arab Airlines
    9.—(1)  No person shall carry on any business, or establish or maintain any place of business, under the name of "Libyan Arab Airlines".

    (2)  Except under the authority of a licence granted by the Secretary of State under this article or the 1992 Order-
 (a) no person shall establish or maintain any place of business in connection with the carriage of persons or goods by air (whether to or from the United Kingdom or elsewhere) by any person connected with Libya;
 (b) no person connected with Libya shall carry on any business of carrying persons or goods by air (whether to or from the United Kingdom or elsewhere);
 (c) without prejudice to the other provisions of this Order, no person shall-
 (i) enter into any new agreement or other arrangement with Libyan Arab Airlines;
 (ii) agree to any variation or extension of any existing agreement or other arrangement with Libyan Arab Airlines;
 (iii) make to or receive from Libyan Arab Airlines any payment, or do any other act, under or pursuant to an agreement or other arrangement between that person and Libyan Arab Airlines.

Aviation services
    10.—(1)  Except under the authority of a licence granted by the Secretary of State under this article, no person shall provide any engineering or other services to any person connected with Libya for the maintenance of any civil or military airfield in Libya, including any facilitieis and equipment on or associated with the airfield.

    (2)  The provisions of this article do not apply to services for maintenance of emergency equipment or equipment directly related to civilian air traffic control.

Making available of aircraft to Libya
    11.    Except under the authority of a licence granted by the Secretary of State under this article, no person shall enter into, agree to extend, or extend any contract or other arrangement for the purpose of making available for operation in Libya any aircraft or aircraft components.

Assets of Libya
    12.—(1)  Except with permission granted by or on behalf of the Treasury, no person shall-
 (a) make any payment or part with any gold, securities or investments; or
 (b) make any change in the persons to whose credit any sum is to stand or to whose order any gold, securities or investments are to be held,
where any such action is action to which this article applies.

    (2)  Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3) of this article, this article applies to any action which is likely to make available, or otherwise to result in the remittance or transfer, to or for the benefit of any of the following persons-
 (a) the Government of Libya;
 (b) any persons or bodies exercising for the time being public functions in Libya; or
 (c) any Libyan undertaking,
any funds or other financial resources, whether by their removal from the United Kingdom or otherwise.

    (3)  The provisions of this article shall not apply to any funds or other financial resources which represent amounts derived from or are otherwise attributable to the sale of petroleum or petroleum products or agricultural products or commodities originating in Libya and exported therefrom after 30th November 1993:
Provided that any such funds (but not other financial resources) are held in an account with a relevant institution in the United Kingdom which is used exclusively for such funds and any interest derived from them.


    (4)  Any permission granted by or on behalf of the Treasury under this article may be granted either absolutely or subject to conditions and may be varied or revoked at any time by, or on behalf of, the Treasury.

    (5)  In this article-
 (a) "gold", "payment" and "securities" shall have the meanings they bear in section 2 of the Emergency Laws (Re-enactments and Repeals) Act 1964^[5];
 (b) "investments" means any asset, right, or interest falling within any paragraph of Part 1 of Schedule 1 to the Financial Services Act 1986^[6], which is not a security;
 (c) "Libyan undertaking" means any entity, wherever incorporated or constituted, which is controlled by the following persons-
 (i) the Government of Libya;
 (ii) any person or body exercising for the time being public functions in Libya; or
 (iii) any person acting on behalf of any of the above-mentioned persons;
"petroleum" means a naturally occurring mixture including hydrocarbons;
"petroleum products" means any products, other than chemicals, which may be obtained by primary distillation or secondary refining from petroleum and includes natural gas, petroleum ether, solvents, benzene, naphtha, motor spirits (including aviation spirit), kerosenes (including jet fuel), heavy oils, fuel oils, lubricating oils, greases, petroleum jelly, paraffin wax and asphaltic bitumen;
"relevant institution" means
 (a) the Bank of England ("the Bank");
 (b) any institution authorised by the Bank under the Banking Act^[7];
 (c) any person specified in Section 2 to the Banking Act; and
 (d) any other person not authorised by the Bank under the Banking Act who may lawfully accept deposits in the United Kingdom in the course of carrying on a deposit-taking business for the purposes of the Banking Act.

Bonds and Indemnities
    13.—(1)  Except under the authority of a licence granted by the Secretary of State under this article or the 1992 Order-
 (a) no person shall make any payment to or to the order of any person to whom this article applies under or in respect of a bond to which this artcile applies;
 (b) no person shall do any act for the purpose of obtaining payment, or make any payment, in respect of any right to indemnity in respect of any bond to which this article applies where payment under the bond is, or if payment were to be made by a person referred to in Article 14(1) of this Order would be, unlawful by virtue of sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph.

    (2)  The persons to whom this article applies are
 (a) the Government of Libya;
 (b) any persons or bodies exercising for the time being public functions in Libya;
 (c) any entity, wherever incorporated or constituted, which is controlled by-
 (i) the Government of Libya; or
 (ii) any person or body exercising for the time being public functions in Libya;
 (d) any Libyan national; or
 (e) any person acting on behalf of any of the persons mentioned in sub-paragraphs (a) to (d) of this paragraph.

    (3)  A bond to which this article applies is a bond given in respect of a contract the performance of which is unlawful, wholly or in part, by virtue of this Order.

    (4)  In this article—
 (a) "bond" means an agreement under which a person ("the obligor") agrees that, if called upon to do so, or if a third party fails to fulfil contractual obligations owed to another, the obligor will make payment to or to the order of the other party to the agreement; and
 (b) "make any payment" means make payment by any method, including but not restricted to the grant, or any agreement to the exercise, of any right to set off, accord and satisfaction and adjustment of any account, or any similar means.

Application of Articles 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13
    14.—(1)  The provisions of Articles 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 of this Order shall apply to any person within the United Kingdom and to any person elsewhere who—
 (a) is a British citizen, a British Dependent Territories citizen, a British overseas citizen, a British subject, or a British protected person; or
 (b) is a body incorporated or constituted under the law of any part of the United Kingdom.

    (2)  Subject to the provisions of paragraphs (3) to (14) of this article, any person specified in paragraph (1) of this article who contravenes the provisions of Articles 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 of this Order shall be guilty of an offence under this Order.

    (3)  In the case of proceedings for an offence in contravention of Article 3 of this Order it shall be a defence for the accused person to prove that he did not know and had no reason to suppose that the goods in question were to be supplied or delivered to or to the order of a person connected with Libya.

    (4)  In the case of proceedings for an offence in contravention of Article 5 of this Order it shall be a defence for the accused person to prove that he did not know and had no reason to suppose that the transaction in question was for the transfer to, or the use of the right in question by, a person connected with Libya or that the right in question was to be transferred or used for or in connection with the manufacture or maintenance of goods specified in Part A or Part D, as the case may be, of Schedule 1 to this Order.

    (5)  In the case of proceedings for an offence in contravention of Article 6(a) of this Order it shall be a defence for the accused person to prove that he did not know and had no reason to suppose that the advice, assistance or training was being provided to a person connected with Libya or that it related to the supply, delivery, manufacture, maintenance or use of any goods specified in part A of Schedule 1 to this Order.

    (6)  In the case of proceedings for an offence in contravention of Article 6(b) of this Order it shall be a defence for the accused person to prove that he did not know and had no reason to suppose that the advice, assistance or training was being provided to a Libyan national.

    (7)  In the case of proceedings for an offence in contravention of Article 7 of this Order in relation to a Libyan aircraft or components thereof it shall be a defence for the accused person to prove that he did not know and had no reason to suppose that the aircraft was a Libyan aircraft or that the component was part of such an aircraft.

    (8)  In the case of proceedings for an offence in contravention of Article 8 of this Order it shall be a defence for the accused person to prove that he did not know and had no reason to suppose that that aircraft was a Libyan aircraft or that the machinery, tackle, furniture or equipment was part of such an aircraft.

    (9)  In the case of proceedings for an offence in contravention of Article 9(2)(a) of this Order it shall be a defence for the accused person to prove that he did not know and had no reason to suppose that the carriage of persons or goods was by a person connected with Libya.

    (10)  In the case of proceedings for an offence in contravention of Article 9(2)(c) of this Order it shall be a defence for the accused person to prove that he did not know and had no reason to suppose that he had made any payment to or received any payment from Libyan Arab Airlines.

    (11)  In the case of proceedings for an offence in contravention of Article 10 of this Order it shall be a defence for the accused person to prove that he did not know and had no reason to suppose that the services were for the maintenance of an airfield in Libya or facilities and equipment on or associated with the airfield or that they were not for the maintenance of emergency equipment or equipment directly related to civilian air traffic control.

    (12)  In the case of proceedings for an offence in contravent
 (b) 
 (i) he did not know and had no reason to suppose that the bond was given in respect of a contract the performance of which was unlawful by virtue of this order; and
 (ii) he made all reasonable enquiries to ascertain whether the bond was given in respect of such a contract.

    (14)  In the case of proceedings for an offence in contravention of Article 13(1)(b) of this Order, it shall be a defence for the accused person to prove that—
 (a) he did not know and had no reason to suppose that payment under the bond was or would be to or to the order of a person connected with Libya; or
 (b) 
 (i) he did not know and had no reason to suppose that the bond was given in respect of a contract the performance of which was unlawful by virtue of this Order; and
  (ii) he made all reasonable enquiries to ascertain whether the bond was given in respect of such a contract:


Provided that sub-paragraph (b) shall not apply where the accused person is a party to the contract in respect of which the bond was given.

Customs powers to demand evidence of destination which goods reach
    15.    Any exporter or any shipper of goods which have been exported from the United Kingdom shall, if so required by the Commissioners of Customs and Excise, furnish within such time as they may allow proof to their satisfaction that the goods have reached either—
 (i) a destination to which they were authorised to be exported by a licence granted under this Order or the 1992 Order; or
 (ii) a destination to which their exportation wasnot prohibited by this Order or the 1992 Order,
and, if he fails to do so, he shall be guilty of an offence under this Order unless he proves that he did not consent to or connive at the goods reaching any destination other than such a destination as aforesaid.

Offences in connection with applications for licences, conditions attaching to licences, etc.
    16.—(1)  If for the purposes of obtaining any licence or permission under this Order any person makes any statement or furnishes any document or information which to his knowledge is false in a material particular or recklessly makes any statement or furnishes any document or information which is false in a material particular he shall be guilty of an offence under this Order.

    (2)  Any person who has done any act under the authority of a licence granted by the Secretary of State or with permission granted by or on behalf of the Treasury under this Order and who fails to comply with any condition attaching to that licence or permission shall be guilty of an offence under this Order;
Provided that no person shall be guilty of an offence under this paragraph where he proves that the condition with which he failed to comply was modified, otherwise than with his consent—
 (i) by the Secretary of State after the doing of the act authorised by the licence, or
 (ii) by or on behalf of the Treasury after the doing of the act with permission granted by or on behalf of the Treasury.

Declaration as to goods: powers of search
    17.—(1)  Any person who is about to leave the United Kingdom shall if he is required to do so by an officer of Customs and Excise—
 (a) declare whether or not he has with him any goods specified in Schedule 1 to` this Order which are destined for Libya or for delivery, directly or indirectly, to or to the order of a person connected with Libya; and
 (b) produce any such goods as aforesaid which he has with him,
and such officer, and any person acting under his directions, may search that person for the purpose of ascertaining whether he has with him any such goods as aforesaid:
Provided that no person shall be searched in pursuance of this paragraph except by a person of the same sex.


    (2)  Any person who without reasonable excuse refuses to make a declaration, fails to produce any goods or refuses to allow himself to be searched in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this article shall be guilty of an offence under this Order.

    (3)  Any person who under the provisions of this article makes a declaration which to his knowledge is false in a material particular or recklessly makes any declaration which is false in a material particular shall be guilty of an offence under this Order.

Obtaining of evidence and information
    18.    The provisions of Schedule 2 to this Order shall have effect in order to facilitate the obtaining, by or on behalf of the Secretary of State, the Commissioners of Customs and Excise or the Treasury of evidence and information for the purpose of securing compliance with or detecting evasion of this Order and in order to facilitate the obtaining, by or on behalf of the Secretary of State, the Commissioners of Customs and Excise or the Treasury, of evidence of the commission of an offence under this Order or, with respect to any of the matters regulated by this Order, of an offence relating to customs.

Penalties and proceedings
    19.—(1)  Any person guilty of an offence under Article 14(2) of this Order shall be liable—
 (a) on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years or to a fine or to both;
 (b) on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to both.

    (2)  Any person guilty of an offence under paragraph 5(b) or (d) of Schedule 2 to this Order shall be liable—
 (a) on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or a fine or both;
 (b) on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to both.

    (3)  Any person guilty of an offence under Article 16(1) or (2) or Article 17(3) of this Order shall be liable—
 (a) on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to a fine or to both;
 (b) on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum.

    (4)  Any person guilty of an offence under paragraph 5(a) or (c) of Schedule 2 to this Order shall be liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale or to both.

    (5)  Any person guilty of an offence under Article 15 or Article 17(2) of this Order shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale.

    (6)  Where any body corporate is guilty of an offence under this Order, and that offence is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivance of, or to be attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate or any person who was purporting to act in any such capacity, he, as well as the body corporate, shall be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.

    (7)  Notwithstanding anything in section 127(1) of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980^[8], a summary offence under this Order may be tried by a magistrate's court in England and Wales if an information is laid at any time within 3 years after the commission of the offence and within 12 months after the date on which evidence sufficient in the opinion of the prosecutor to justify the proceedings comes to his knowledge.

    (8)  Notwithstanding anything in section 331 of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1975^[9], summary proceedings in Scotland for an offence under this Order may be commenced at any time within 12 months after the date on which evidence sufficient in the Lord Advocate's opinion to justify the proceedings came to his knowledge; and subsection (3) of that section applies for the purpose of this paragraph as it applies for the purposes of that section:
Provided that such proceedings shall not be commenced after the expiration of 3 years from the commission of the offence.


    (9)  Notwithstanding anything in Article 19 of the Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981^[10], summary proceedings for an offence under this Order in Northern Ireland may be instituted at any time within 3 years after the commission of the offence and within 12 months after the date on which evidence sufficient in the opinion of the complainant to justify the proceedings comes to his knowledge.

    (10)  For the purposes of this article-
 (a) a certificate signed by or on behalf of the prosecutor, complainant or the Lord Advocate (as the case may be) as to the date on which such evidence as is referred to in paragraphs (7), (8) and (9) above came to his knowledge shall be conclusive evidence of that fact; and
 (b) a certificate purporting to be so signed shall be presumed to be so signed unless the contrary is proved.

    (11)  Proceedings against any person for an offence under this Order may be taken before the appropriate court in the United Kingdom having jurisdiction in the place where that person is for the time being.

    (12)  In England and Wales, subsection (2) of section 24 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984^[11] shall apply to the offences under this Order that are not arrestable offences by virtue of the term of imprisonment for which a person may be sentenced in respect of them, as if they were mentioned in that subsection; and accordingly such offences shall be arrestable offences within the meaning of that Act.

    (13)  In Northern Ireland, paragraph (2) of Article 26 of the Police and Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1989^[12] shall apply to the offences under this Order that are not arrestable offences by virtue of the term of imprisonment for which a person may be sentenced in respect of them, as if they were mentioned in that paragraph; and accordingly such offences shall be arrestable offences within the meaning of that Order.

    (14)  No proceedings for an offence under this Order, other than for a summary offence, shall be instituted in England, Wales or Northern Ireland except by the Secretary of State or with the consent of the Attorney General or, as the case may be, the Attorney General for Northern Ireland:
Provided that this paragraph shall not prevent the arrest, or the issue or execution of a warrant for the arrest, of any person in respect of such an offence, or the remand in custody or on bail of any person charged with such an offence, notwithstanding that the necessary consent to the institution of proceedings for the offence has not been obtained.

Exercise of Powers of the Secretary of State
    20.—(1)  The Secretary of State may to such extent and subject to such restrictions and conditions as he may think proper, delegate or authorise the delegation of any of his powers under this Order (other than the power to give authority under Schedule 2 to this Order to apply for a search warrant) to any person, or class or description of persons, approved by him, and references in this Order to the Secretary of State shall be construed accordingly.

    (2)  Any licences granted under this Order may be either general or special, may be subject to or without conditions, may be limited so as to expire on a specified date unless renewed and may be varied or revoked by the authority that granted them.

Revocation of 1992 Order
    21.    The 1992 Order is revoked.

R.P. Bulling

Clerk of the Privy Council

[1] 1946 c. 45. back

[2] S.I. 1992/975. back

[3] 1979 c. 2. back

[4] S.I. 1992/3092, to which there are amendments not relevant to this Order back

[5] 1964 c. 60. back

[6] 1986 c. 60. back

[7] 1987 c. 22. back

[8] 1980 c. 43. back

[9] 1975 c. 21. back

[10] S.I. 1981/1675 (N.I. 26). back

[11] 1984 c. 60. back

[12] S.I. 1989/1341 (N.I. 12). back

Explanatory Note