Judiciary and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008 (asp 6)

Page 3 of 9

(2) In subsection (1), for the words from “Secretary of State” to “sheriffdom,” in the second place that word appears substitute “Scottish Ministers must, if the Lord President of the Court of Session so requests,”.

(3) After that subsection insert—

“(1ZA) The Lord President may request the appointment of a person to act as a sheriff principal under subsection (1) only if it appears to him expedient that such an appointment be made in order to avoid delay in the administration of justice in the sheriffdom concerned.”.

(4) In subsection (1A), for “Secretary of State may” substitute “Scottish Ministers must, if the Lord President so requests,”.

(5) In subsection (4), for “Secretary of State” substitute “Scottish Ministers, at the request of the Lord President”.

(6) After that subsection insert—

“(4ZA) The Scottish Ministers must comply with any request made by the Lord President under subsection (4) above.”.

(7) In subsection (5)—

(a) for “Secretary of State” substitute “Scottish Ministers”, and

(b) for “directs” substitute “direct”.

25 Re-employment of retired sheriffs principal and sheriffs

After section 14 of the 1971 Act insert—

“14A Re-employment of retired sheriffs principal and sheriffs

(1) A sheriff principal may, if it appears to him to be expedient as a temporary measure in order to facilitate the disposal of business in the sheriff courts of the sheriffdom, appoint a qualifying former sheriff principal or sheriff to act as a sheriff of that sheriffdom during such period or on such occasions as the sheriff principal thinks fit.

(2) A qualifying former sheriff principal is someone who—

(a) ceased to hold that office other than by virtue of an order under section 12E of this Act, and

(b) has not reached the age of 75 years.

(3) A qualifying former sheriff is someone who—

(a) ceased to hold that office other than by virtue of an order under section 12E of this Act or by being appointed as a sheriff principal, and

(b) has not reached the age of 75 years.

(4) A person appointed under subsection (1) above is not to be treated as a sheriff for the purposes of any statutory provision or rule of law relating to—

(a) the appointment, retirement, removal or disqualification of sheriffs,

(b) the tenure of office and oaths to be taken by sheriffs, or

(5) But, otherwise, such a person is to be treated for all purposes as a sheriff of the sheriffdom for which the person is appointed (and so may perform any of the functions of a sheriff of that sheriffdom).

(6) The Scottish Court Service may pay to, or in respect of, a person appointed under subsection (1) above such remuneration or allowances as the Scottish Ministers may determine.

(7) Despite subsection (1), the period during which or an occasion on which a person appointed under that subsection may act under that appointment does not extend beyond, or (as the case may be) is not to be after, the date on which the person reaches the age of 75 years.

(8) Despite the expiry (whether by virtue of subsection (7) above or otherwise) of any period for which a person is appointed under subsection (1) above—

(a) the person may attend at a sheriff court for the purpose of continuing to deal with, giving judgment in, or dealing with any matter relating to, any case begun before the person while acting under that appointment, and

(b) for that purpose, and for the purpose of any proceedings arising out of any such case or matter, the person is to be treated as acting or, as the case may be, having acted under that appointment.

(9) In this section—

“sheriff principal”, where it first occurs in subsection (1), includes temporary sheriff principal, and
“sheriff” does not include part-time sheriff or honorary sheriff.”.

26 Appointment of part-time sheriffs

In subsection (3) of section 11A (appointment of part-time sheriffs: requirements) of the 1971 Act—

(a) after “unless” insert—

“(a) the person is”, and

(b) at the end of the subsection add “and

(b) the Scottish Ministers have consulted the Lord President of the Court of Session about the proposed appointment.”.

27 Sheriffs and part-time sheriffs: official oaths

In the Promissory Oaths Act 1868 (c. 72), in the second part of the Schedule (persons to take oath of allegiance and judicial oath), after “sheriffdoms,” insert “sheriffs, part-time sheriffs”.

Chapter 4 Judicial conduct

Judicial conduct

28 Rules about investigations etc.

(1) The Lord President may by rules make provision for or in connection with—

(a) the investigation and determination of any matter concerning the conduct of judicial office holders,

(b) reviews of any such determinations.

(2) Rules under subsection (1) may in particular contain provision about—

(a) circumstances in which an investigation must or may be undertaken,

(b) the making of complaints,

(d) the conduct of an investigation (including in particular steps to be taken by the office holder under investigation or by a complainant or other person),

(e) time limits for taking any step and procedures for extending time limits,

(f) persons by whom an investigation or part of an investigation is to be conducted,

(g) matters to be determined by the person conducting an investigation (or part of an investigation), the Lord President or any other person,

(h) the making of recommendations by persons conducting investigations (or parts of investigations),

(i) the obtaining of information relating to complaints,

(j) the keeping of records of investigations,

(k) confidentiality of communications or proceedings,

(l) the publication of information or its provision to any person.

(3) Rules under subsection (1)—

(a) may make different provision for different cases,

(b) are to be published in such manner as the Lord President may determine.

29 Powers of Lord President

(1) Where subsection (2) applies in relation to a judicial office holder, the Lord President may, for disciplinary purposes, give the judicial office holder—

(a) formal advice,

(b) a formal warning, or

(2) This subsection applies where—

(a) an investigation has been carried out in accordance with rules under section 28(1), and

(b) the person carrying out the investigation has recommended that the Lord President exercise a power mentioned in subsection (1).

(3) This section does not restrict what the Lord President may do—

(a) informally,

(b) for other purposes, or

Judicial Complaints Reviewer

30 Judicial Complaints Reviewer

(1) The Scottish Ministers may, with the consent of the Lord President, appoint a person (to be known as the “Judicial Complaints Reviewer”) for the purpose of carrying out the functions mentioned in subsection (2).

(2) Those functions are—

(a) on the request of the complainant or the judicial office holder to whom an investigation carried out in pursuance of section 2(2)(e)(i) relates, to review the handling of the investigation to determine whether the investigation has been carried out in accordance with rules under section 28(1),

(b) in any case where the Reviewer considers that such an investigation has not been carried out in accordance with those rules, to refer the case to the Lord President,

(c) as directed by the Scottish Ministers, to prepare and publish reports on investigations carried out in pursuance of section 2(2)(e)(i), and

(d) to make written representations to the Lord President about procedures for handling the investigation of matters concerning the conduct of judicial office holders.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2)(a) “the complainant”, in relation to an investigation, means the person whose complaint led to the carrying out of the investigation.

(4) The Lord President must have regard to any written representations made under subsection (2)(d).

(5) A person is disqualified from appointment, and from holding office, as the Judicial Complaints Reviewer if the person is or becomes—

(a) a member of the House of Commons,

(b) a member of the Scottish Parliament,

(d) a Minister of the Crown,

(e) a member of the Scottish Executive,

(f) a civil servant,

(g) a person who is, or has been, a judicial office holder, or

(h) a solicitor, advocate or barrister (in any case whether practising or not).

31 Judicial Complaints Reviewer: tenure etc.

(1) The Scottish Ministers are to determine with the consent of the Lord President—

(a) the period for which a person is appointed as the Judicial Complaints Reviewer, and

(b) subject to subsection (2), the other terms and conditions on which a person is so appointed.

(2) The Scottish Ministers may pay to the Judicial Complaints Reviewer such fees and expenses as they may determine.

(3) The Judicial Complaints Reviewer may resign office by giving notice in writing to the Scottish Ministers.

(4) If—

(a) the Scottish Ministers are satisfied that subsection (5) applies, and

(b) the Lord President consents,

the Scottish Ministers may, by notice in writing, remove the Judicial Complaints Reviewer from office.

(5) This subsection applies if—

(a) the Judicial Complaints Reviewer has failed without reasonable excuse to carry out the functions of that office for a continuous period of 6 months,

(b) the Reviewer has been convicted of an offence,

(d) the Reviewer is otherwise unfit to be the Judicial Complaints Reviewer or unable for any reason to carry out the functions of that office.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5)(c), the Reviewer becomes insolvent on—

(a) the approval of a voluntary arrangement proposed by the Reviewer,

(b) being adjudged bankrupt,

(d) the Reviewer’s granting a trust deed for creditors.

(7) A person who is or has been the Judicial Complaints Reviewer may be reappointed for further periods.

(8) A person holding office by virtue of subsection (7) may not hold office for periods (whether or not consecutive) totalling more than 5 years.

32 Guidance

(1) The Judicial Complaints Reviewer must comply with any guidance that the Scottish Ministers issue about the carrying out of the Reviewer’s functions.

(2) Before issuing any such guidance, the Scottish Ministers must consult the Lord President.

(3) The Scottish Ministers must publish any guidance issued under subsection (1).

33 Lord President’s powers on referral

(1) Subsection (2) applies where a case is referred to the Lord President by virtue of section 30(2)(b).

(2) The Lord President may—

(a) vary or revoke the determination made in the case (or part of the determination),

(b) cause a fresh investigation to be carried out,

(d) deal with the referral in such other way as the Lord President considers appropriate.

Suspension

34 Suspension

(1) If the Lord President considers that it is necessary for the purpose of maintaining public confidence in the judiciary, the Lord President may suspend a judicial office holder—

(a) from acting as a judge as mentioned in paragraph (b) or (c) of the definition of “judicial office holder” in subsection (1) of section 43, or

(b) from any of the judicial offices mentioned in subsection (2) of that section.

(2) Such a suspension lasts for such period as the Lord President may specify when suspending the judicial office holder.

(3) Nothing in subsection (1) affects any remuneration payable to, or in respect of, the judicial office holder.

(4) The Lord President’s functions under this section may be carried out—

(a) where the Lord President is unavailable, by the Lord Justice Clerk,

(b) where both the Lord President and the Lord Justice Clerk are unavailable, by the senior judge of the Inner House.

(5) In subsection (4)(b) the reference to the senior judge of the Inner House is to be construed by reference to seniority of appointment to a Division of the Inner House.

Chapter 5 Removal from office

Judges

35 Tribunal to consider fitness for judicial office

(1) The First Minister—

(a) must, when requested to do so by the Lord President, and

(b) may, in such other circumstances as the First Minister thinks fit,

constitute a tribunal to investigate and report on whether a person holding a judicial office to which this section applies is unfit to hold the office by reason of inability, neglect of duty or misbehaviour.

(2) The judicial offices to which this section applies are—

(a) the office of Lord President,

(b) the office of Lord Justice Clerk,

(d) the office of Chairman of the Scottish Land Court, and

(e) the office of temporary judge.

(3) Before constituting a tribunal under subsection (1)(b) the First Minister must consult—

(a) where the tribunal is to be constituted for the purpose of considering the Lord President’s fitness for office, the Lord Justice Clerk,

(b) where the tribunal is to be constituted for any other purpose, the Lord President.

(4) A tribunal constituted under this section is to consist of—

(a) two individuals who hold, or have held, high judicial office (“judicial members”),

(b) one individual who is, and has been for at least 10 years, an advocate or solicitor, and

(c) one individual who does not hold (and has never held) high judicial office and is not (and never has been) an advocate or solicitor.

(5) “High judicial office” has the meaning given by section 60 of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4).

(6) At least one of the judicial members must be a member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.

(7) At least one of the judicial members must hold, or have held, office as a judge of the Court of Session.

(8) The selection of persons to be members of a tribunal under this section is to be made by the First Minister with the agreement of—

(a) where the tribunal is to be constituted for the purpose of considering the Lord President’s fitness for office, the Lord Justice Clerk,

(b) where the tribunal is to be constituted for any other purpose, the Lord President.

(9) If only one of the judicial members is a member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, that person is to chair the tribunal.

(10) If both of the judicial members are members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, the First Minister must appoint one of them to chair the tribunal.

(11) The member who chairs the tribunal has a casting vote.

36 Suspension during investigation

(1) Where the Lord President has requested that the First Minister constitute a tribunal under section 35, the Lord President may, at any time before the tribunal reports to the First Minister, suspend the person who is to be, or is, the subject of the investigation, from office.

(2) Such a suspension lasts until the Lord President orders otherwise.

(3) A tribunal constituted under section 35 may, at any time before the tribunal reports to the First Minister, recommend to the First Minister that the person who is the subject of the tribunal’s investigation be suspended from office.

(4) Such a recommendation must be in writing.

(5) The First Minister on receiving such a recommendation may suspend the person from office.

(6) Such a suspension lasts until the First Minister orders otherwise.

(7) Suspension under this section from the office of Lord President, Lord Justice Clerk, judge of the Court of Session or Chairman of the Scottish Land Court does not affect any remuneration payable to, or in respect of, the office in respect of the period of suspension.

37 Further provision about tribunals

(1) A tribunal constituted under section 35 may require any person—

(a) to attend its proceedings for the purpose of giving evidence,

(b) to produce documents in the person’s custody or under the person’s control.

(2) A person on whom such a requirement is imposed is not obliged to answer any question or produce any document which the person would be entitled to refuse to answer or produce in a court in Scotland.

(3) Subsection (4) applies where a person on whom a requirement has been imposed under subsection (1)—

(a) refuses or fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with the requirement,

(b) refuses or fails, without reasonable excuse, while attending the tribunal proceedings to give evidence, to answer any question, or

(4) The Court of Session may, on an application made to it by the tribunal—

(a) make such order for enforcing compliance as it sees fit, or

(b) deal with the matter as if it were a contempt of the Court.

(5) The Court of Session may by act of sederunt make provision as to the procedure to be followed by and before tribunals constituted under section 35.

(6) The Scottish Ministers may pay such remuneration to, and expenses of, members of tribunals constituted under section 35 as they think fit.

(7) The Scottish Ministers must pay such expenses as they consider are reasonably required to be incurred to enable a tribunal constituted under section 35 to carry out its functions.

38 Report of tribunal

(1) The report of a tribunal constituted under section 35 must—

(a) be in writing,

(b) contain reasons for its conclusion, and

(2) The First Minister must lay the report before the Scottish Parliament.

39 Temporary judges: removal from office

(1) Where subsection (2) applies, a person may be removed from office as a temporary judge by the First Minister.

(2) This subsection applies if—

(a) a tribunal constituted under section 35 has reported to the First Minister that the person is unfit to hold that office by reason of inability, neglect of duty or misbehaviour, and

(b) the First Minister has laid the report before the Scottish Parliament.

Sheriffs

40 Consideration of fitness for, and removal from, shrieval office

For section 12 of the 1971 Act substitute—

“Consideration of fitness for, and removal from, shrieval office

12A Tribunal to consider fitness for shrieval office

(1) The First Minister—

(a) must, when requested to do so by the Lord President of the Court of Session, and

(b) may, in such other circumstances as the First Minister thinks fit,

constitute a tribunal to investigate and report on whether a person holding a shrieval office to which this section applies is unfit to hold the office by reason of inability, neglect of duty or misbehaviour.

(2) The shrieval offices to which this section applies are—

(a) the office of sheriff principal,

(b) the office of sheriff, and

(3) The First Minister may constitute a tribunal under subsection (1)(b) above only if the Lord President has been consulted.

(4) A tribunal constituted under this section is to consist of—

(a) one individual who is a qualifying member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council,

(b) one individual who holds the relevant shrieval office,

(d) one individual who is not (and never has been) a qualifying member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, who does not hold (and never has held) a shrieval office to which this section applies and who is not (and never has been) an advocate or solicitor.

(5) A qualifying member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is someone who is a member of that Committee by virtue of section 1(2)(a) of the Judicial Committee Act 1833 (c. 41) (that is, someone who is a member of the Privy Council who holds, or has held, high judicial office).

(6) The relevant shrieval office is—

(a) where the investigation is to be of a person’s fitness to hold the office of sheriff principal, that office,

(b) where the investigation is to be of a person’s fitness to hold the office of sheriff or part-time sheriff, the office of sheriff.

(7) The selection of persons to be members of a tribunal under this section is to be made by the First Minister, with the agreement of the Lord President of the Court of Session.

(8) The person mentioned in subsection (4)(a) is to chair the tribunal and has a casting vote.

12B Suspension during investigation

(1) Where the Lord President of the Court of Session has requested that the First Minister constitute a tribunal under section 12A, the Lord President may, at any time before the tribunal reports to the First Minister, suspend the person who is to be, or is, the subject of the investigation, from office.

(2) Such a suspension lasts until the Lord President orders otherwise.

(3) A tribunal constituted under section 12A may, at any time before the tribunal reports to the First Minister, recommend to the First Minister that the person who is the subject of the tribunal’s investigation be suspended from office.

(4) Such a recommendation must be in writing.

(5) The First Minister, on receiving such a recommendation, may suspend the person from office.

(6) Such a suspension lasts until the First Minister orders otherwise.

(7) Suspension under this section from the office of sheriff principal or sheriff does not affect remuneration payable to, or in respect of, the office in respect of the period of suspension.

12C Further provision about tribunals

(1) A tribunal constituted under section 12A may require any person—