Office of Public Sector Information
PART 11 continued CHAPTER 2 continued
(1) This section applies if—
(a) an amount paid by way of manufactured dividend would otherwise exceed the amount of the dividend of which it is representative, or
(b) the sum of—
(i) an amount paid by way of manufactured interest or manufactured overseas dividend, and
(ii) the income tax required to be accounted for and paid in connection with the making of the payment,
would otherwise exceed the gross amount of the interest or overseas dividend of which it is representative.
(2) The payment, to the extent of an amount equal to the excess, is treated for the purposes of this Chapter and Chapter 9 of Part 15 as not made under the requirement mentioned in section 573(1)(b), 578(1)(b) or 581(1)(b) (criteria for application of provisions about manufactured payments).
(3) Instead it is treated, to that extent, for income tax purposes as a separate fee for entering into the arrangement under which it was made.
(4) Subsection (3) applies despite anything in—
(a) sections 572 to 582 (main rules about manufactured payments), or
(b) Chapter 9 of Part 15 (deduction of income tax at source: manufactured payments).
(1) This section applies if the sum of—
(a) an amount paid by way of manufactured interest or manufactured overseas dividend, and
(b) the income tax required to be accounted for and paid in connection with the making of the payment,
is less than the gross amount of the interest or overseas dividend of which it is representative.
(2) For the purpose of giving relief under the Income Tax Acts in a case to which section 578 or 581 applies (manufactured interest and manufactured overseas dividends), the gross amount of the manufactured interest or manufactured overseas dividend is treated as being an amount equal to the sum of the amounts mentioned in paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (1).
(3) Subsection (2) applies despite anything in—
(a) sections 578 to 582 (main rules about manufactured interest and manufactured overseas dividends), and
(b) section 589(3) (meaning of “gross amount” of manufactured overseas dividend).
(4) In this section “relief” means relief by way of—
(a) deduction in calculating profits or gains, or
(b) deduction or set off against income.
(1) The Treasury may by regulations make provision about—
(a) such manufactured dividends, manufactured interest or manufactured overseas dividends as may be prescribed,
(b) such persons who receive, or become entitled to receive, manufactured dividends, manufactured interest or manufactured overseas dividends as may be prescribed, or
(c) such payers of manufactured dividends, manufactured interest or manufactured overseas dividends as may be prescribed.
(2) The provision which may be made is for any prescribed manufactured dividend, manufactured interest, manufactured overseas dividend or person to be treated, in prescribed circumstances, otherwise than as mentioned in—
(a) sections 572 to 582 (main rules about manufactured payments), or
(b) Chapter 9 of Part 15 (deduction of income tax at source: manufactured payments),
for any prescribed income tax purposes.
(1) The Treasury may by regulations make provision about—
(a) the accounts and other records which are to be kept,
(b) the vouchers which are to be issued or produced,
(c) the returns which are to be made, and
(d) the manner in which amounts required to be deducted, or accounted for and paid, on account of income tax as a result of this Chapter or Chapter 9 of Part 15 are to be accounted for and paid,
by payers or recipients of manufactured dividends, manufactured interest or manufactured overseas dividends.
(2) Regulations under this Chapter or Chapter 9 of Part 15 about any liability to account for income tax may contain any of the following—
(a) provision for calculating the amounts to be accounted for,
(b) provision, in relation to deciding the amount to be paid on any occasion, for setting other amounts against the amounts to be accounted for,
(c) provision as to the liabilities against which amounts accounted for are, or are not, to be set for income tax purposes or corporation tax purposes,
(d) provision modifying, or applying (with or without modifications), any enactments contained in the Tax Acts.
(3) The Treasury may by regulations provide for prescribed provisions of TMA 1970 to apply for income tax purposes in relation to—
(a) manufactured dividends,
(b) manufactured interest, or
(c) manufactured overseas dividends,
with such modifications, specified in the regulations, as the Treasury consider appropriate.
(4) The Treasury may by regulations make further provision about the administration, assessment, collection and recovery of amounts required to be deducted, or accounted for and paid, on account of income tax as a result of—
(a) this Chapter, or
(b) Chapter 9 of Part 15.
(1) The Treasury may by regulations provide for any—
(a) manufactured dividend,
(b) manufactured interest, or
(c) manufactured overseas dividend,
paid to any person to be treated, in such circumstances and to such extent as may be prescribed in the regulations, as exempt pension income of the recipient.
(2) “Exempt pension income” means income which is eligible for relief from income tax as a result of section 613(4) or 614(2), (3) or (4) of ICTA or section 186 of FA 2004 (exemptions about pensions and annuities).
Regulations under this Chapter may make different provision for different cases.
(1) This section applies for the purposes of this Chapter.
(2) The gross amount of any interest or payment is the amount of the interest or payment before the making of any deduction of income tax that is required to be deducted from it on its being paid or made.
(3) The gross amount of a manufactured overseas dividend is an amount equal to the gross amount of the overseas dividend of which the manufactured overseas dividend is representative.
(4) The gross amount of an overseas dividend is the sum of—
(a) so much of the overseas dividend as remains after the deduction of any overseas tax chargeable on it,
(b) the amount of any overseas tax so deducted, and
(c) the amount of any overseas tax credit in respect of the overseas dividend.
(1) This section applies for the purposes of this Chapter.
(2) “Relevant withholding tax”, in relation to the gross amount of a manufactured overseas dividend, means an amount of income tax representative of the sum of—
(a) any amount that would have been deducted by way of overseas tax from an overseas dividend on the overseas securities of the same gross amount as the manufactured overseas dividend, and
(b) the amount of any overseas tax credit in respect of such an overseas dividend.
(3) The Treasury may by regulations make provision about the rates of relevant withholding tax which are to apply in relation to manufactured overseas dividends in relation to different overseas territories.
(4) The Treasury must, in prescribing these rates, have regard to—
(a) the rates at which overseas tax would have fallen to be deducted, and
(b) the rates of overseas tax credits,
in overseas territories, or in the particular overseas territory, in respect of payments of overseas dividends on overseas securities.
(1) In this Chapter—
“C (tax-exempt)” has the meaning given by section 105(3) of FA 2006,
“G (property rental business)” has the meaning given by paragraph 2 of Schedule 17 to FA 2006,
“group” and “principal company” have the meanings given by section 134 of FA 2006,
“overseas tax” means tax under the law of a territory outside the United Kingdom,
“overseas tax credit” means any credit under the law of a territory outside the United Kingdom in respect of overseas tax which corresponds to a tax credit,
“prescribed” means prescribed in regulations under this Chapter, and
“transfer” includes a sale or other disposal.
(2) References in this Chapter to a trade carried on through a branch or agency are to be read, in relation to a company, as references to a trade carried on through a permanent establishment.
(1) This section applies if—
(a) there is a stock lending arrangement in respect of UK shares,
(b) a qualifying distribution is made to the person who is the borrower under the arrangement,
(c) the qualifying distribution is, or is a payment representative of, a dividend in respect of the UK shares, and
(d) a manufactured dividend representative of the dividend is paid by the borrower in respect of any UK shares in respect of which the arrangement is made.
(2) The borrower is not entitled to a tax credit under section 397(1) of ITTOIA 2005 (tax credits for qualifying distributions) in respect of the distribution.
(3) If the borrower is UK resident, section 399(2) of ITTOIA 2005 (recipients of qualifying distributions treated as having paid income tax at dividend ordinary rate on them) does not apply in respect of the distribution.
(1) This section applies if—
(a) there is a repo in respect of UK shares,
(b) under the repo, the original owner has transferred the UK shares to the interim holder,
(c) a qualifying distribution is made to the interim holder,
(d) the qualifying distribution is, or is a payment representative of, a dividend in respect of the UK shares, and
(e) a manufactured dividend representative of the dividend is paid by the interim holder in respect of any UK shares in respect of which the repo is made.
(2) The interim holder is not entitled to a tax credit under section 397(1) of ITTOIA 2005 (tax credits for qualifying distributions) in respect of the distribution.
(3) If the interim holder is UK resident, section 399(2) of ITTOIA 2005 (recipients of qualifying distributions treated as having paid income tax at dividend ordinary rate on them) does not apply in respect of the distribution.
(1) This section applies if—
(a) there is a repo in respect of UK shares,
(b) under the repo, the original owner has transferred the UK shares to the interim holder,
(c) a qualifying distribution is made,
(d) the qualifying distribution is a manufactured dividend paid under the repo in respect of the UK shares by the interim holder to the original owner, and
(e) the repo is not such that the actual dividend which the manufactured dividend represents is receivable by a person other than the original owner.
(2) The original owner is not entitled to a tax credit under section 397(1) of ITTOIA 2005 (tax credits for qualifying distributions) in respect of the distribution.
(3) If the original owner is UK resident, section 399(2) of ITTOIA 2005 (recipients of qualifying distributions treated as having paid income tax at dividend ordinary rate on them) does not apply in respect of the distribution.
In this Chapter “manufactured dividend” has the same meaning as in Chapter 2 (see section 573(1)(a)).
(1) This section applies if—
(a) there is a stock lending arrangement in respect of securities,
(b) a dividend or interest on the securities is paid, as a result of the arrangement, to a person other than the person who is the lender under the arrangement, and
(c) no provision is made for securing that the lender receives payments representative of the dividend or interest.
(2) The rules about manufactured payments apply as if the person who is the borrower under the arrangement—
(a) were required, under the arrangement, to pay the lender an amount representative of the dividend or interest, and
(b) discharged the requirement when the dividend or interest was paid.
(3) But the borrower is not entitled (whether as a result of the rules about manufactured payments or otherwise) to an income deduction in respect of the deemed requirement to pay or the deemed payment.
(4) “Income deduction” means—
(a) a deduction in calculating profits or gains for income tax purposes, or
(b) a deduction in calculating net income.
(5) For the purposes of this section, a quasi-stock lending arrangement is treated as if it were a stock lending arrangement.
(1) This section applies if—
(a) the borrower under a stock lending arrangement is treated under section 596(2) as paying under the arrangement an amount representative of a dividend or interest on any securities (“the relevant securities”),
(b) an amount of money (“cash collateral”) is payable to or for the benefit of the lender for the purpose of securing the discharge of the requirement to transfer the relevant securities back to the lender,
(c) the stock lending arrangement is designed to produce a return to the borrower which equates, in substance, to the return on an investment of money at interest, and
(d) the main purpose, or one of the main purposes, of the stock lending arrangement is the obtaining of a tax advantage (within the meaning given by section 840ZA of ICTA).
(2) If this section applies—
(a) the Income Tax Acts apply as if the borrower receives an amount of interest payable in respect of the cash collateral, and
(b) the amount of the interest is calculated in accordance with subsections (3) to (7).
(3) The interest is treated for the purposes of the Income Tax Acts as if it were received on the date (“the return date”) on which the borrower transfers the relevant securities back to the lender.
(4) The interest is treated for the purposes of the Income Tax Acts as if it were payable in respect of the period (“the interest period”)—
(a) beginning with the date on which the lender transfers the relevant securities to the borrower, and
(b) ending with the return date.
(5) The rate of interest payable in respect of the cash collateral is a rate that is reasonably comparable to the rate that the borrower could obtain by placing the cash collateral on deposit for the interest period.
(6) For the purposes of this section, the amount of the cash collateral on which the interest is payable is taken to be—
(a) in any case where the amount of the cash collateral varies at any time on or before the return date, the highest amount of the cash collateral at any time on or before the return date, and
(b) in any other case, the amount of the cash collateral as at the return date.
(7) The amount of the interest which the borrower is treated as receiving in respect of the cash collateral for the interest period is reduced (but not below nil) by any interest which the borrower actually receives in respect of that collateral for that period.
(8) This section needs to be read with sections 598 and 599.
(1) This section supplements section 597.
(2) The interest which the borrower is treated as receiving under section 597 is charged to income tax under Chapter 2 of Part 4 of ITTOIA 2005 (interest).
(3) The fact that the borrower is treated as receiving an amount of interest under section 597 does not imply that the interest is payable by the lender or any other person.
(4) For the purposes of section 597—
(a) any reference in that section to the transfer of securities back has the same meaning as the reference in section 568(1)(d) (see subsections (2) to (6) of section 568), but
(b) if it becomes apparent that the borrower will not comply with the requirement to transfer any securities back, the borrower is treated as transferring them back on the date on which it becomes so apparent.
(5) For the purposes of section 597 it does not matter—
(a) whether the cash collateral is payable by the borrower or by any other person,
(b) whether the cash collateral is payable under the stock lending arrangement or under any other arrangement, or
(c) whether collateral in another form is also provided in connection with the stock lending arrangement.
(6) See section 599—
(a) for provision treating some arrangements as stock lending arrangements for the purposes of section 597 and this section, and
(b) for provision treating some amounts as cash collateral for those purposes.
(1) For the purposes of sections 597 and 598, a quasi-stock lending arrangement is treated as if it were a stock lending arrangement.
(2) For the purposes of sections 597 and 598, in relation to a stock lending arrangement or quasi-stock lending arrangement—
(a) quasi-cash collateral is treated as if it were cash collateral, and
(b) the amount of that cash collateral is taken to be the amount of the quasi-cash collateral in relation to the stock lending arrangement or quasi-stock lending arrangement.
(3) If—
(a) section 597 applies in relation to a quasi-stock lending arrangement, and
(b) the person for whom the tax advantage was designed to be obtained is a person (“the other person”) other than the borrower under the arrangement,
that section and section 598 have effect as if the other person were the person who receives the amount of interest mentioned in that section.
(4) If section 597 applies in relation to a quasi-stock lending arrangement—
(a) any reference in that section to cash collateral being payable to or for the benefit of the lender includes its being payable to or for the benefit of a person connected with the lender,
(b) the reference in subsection (1)(c) of that section to a return to the borrower includes a return to any other person, and
(c) any reference in that section and section 598 to the transfer back of the relevant securities by the borrower to the lender includes the transfer back of any or all of the securities, or any other property, by any person to the lender or any other person.
(5) In subsection (4)(c) “property” means property in any form.
(1) This section applies for the purposes of sections 596 to 599.
(2) “Quasi-stock lending arrangement” means so much of any arrangements between two or more persons as are not stock lending arrangements, but are arrangements under which—
(a) a person (“the lender”) transfers securities to another person (“the borrower”) otherwise than by way of sale, and
(b) a requirement is imposed on a person to transfer any or all of the securities, or any other property, back to the lender or any other person otherwise than by way of sale.
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2) it does not matter whether the person on whom the requirement is imposed is the borrower or any other person.
(4) “Quasi-cash collateral”, in relation to a stock lending arrangement or quasi-stock lending arrangement, means—
(a) any money which is payable for a relevant purpose, and
(b) any other property which is transferable for a relevant purpose.
(5) Money or other property is payable or transferable for a relevant purpose if it is payable or transferable to or for the benefit of—
(a) the lender under the stock lending arrangement or quasi-stock lending arrangement, or
(b) a person connected with the lender,
for the purpose of securing the discharge of the requirement mentioned in subsection (2)(b).
(6) If any property other than money is transferable for a relevant purpose, the amount of the quasi-cash collateral so far as relating to that property is determined by reference to its market value.
(7) In this section “property” means property in any form.
(1) Section 602 applies if—
(a) there is a repo in respect of securities,
(b) a distribution becomes payable in respect of the securities, and
(c) each of the conditions in the first or second set of relevant conditions is met.
(2) This is the first set of relevant conditions—
Condition 1.1
As a result of the repo, the distribution is receivable otherwise than by the person who is the original owner under the repo.
Condition 1.2
There is no requirement under the sale agreement or the related agreement (if any) for a person to pay to the original owner, on or before the date when the repurchase price of the securities becomes due, an amount representative of the distribution.
Condition 1.3
It is reasonable to assume that, in deciding the repurchase price of the securities, account was taken of the fact that the distribution is receivable otherwise than by the original owner.
(3) This is the second set of relevant conditions—
Condition 2.1
The distribution is receivable otherwise than by the person who is the original owner under the repo.
Condition 2.2
There is no requirement under the sale agreement or the related agreement (if any) for a person to pay to the original owner, on or before the date when the repurchase price of the securities becomes due, an amount representative of the distribution.
Condition 2.3
The original owner or a person connected with the original owner is required under the sale agreement or the related agreement (if any) to pay an amount representative of the distribution.
Condition 2.4
It is reasonable to assume that, in deciding the repurchase price of the securities, account was taken of the circumstances mentioned in Conditions 2.1 to 2.3.
(1) If this section applies, the rules about manufactured payments apply as if the person from whom the securities are to be repurchased (“A”)—
(a) were required, under the repo, to pay the repurchaser an amount representative of the distribution, and
(b) discharged the requirement when the repurchase price of the securities became due.
(2) The amount mentioned in subsection (1)(a) is—
(a) in the case of a dividend on UK shares (other than one within paragraph (b)), the amount of the dividend,
(b) in the case of a dividend on UK shares so far as—
(i) paid by a company to which Part 4 of FA 2006 applies in respect of profits of C (tax-exempt), or
(ii) paid by a group to which that Part applies in respect of profits of G (property rental business),
the gross amount of the dividend,
(c) in the case of a periodical payment of interest on UK securities, the gross amount of the periodical payment of interest, and
(d) in the case of an overseas dividend on overseas securities, the gross amount of the overseas dividend.
(3) But if A is not the person to whom the original owner agreed to sell the securities, A is not entitled (whether as a result of the rules about manufactured payments or otherwise) to an income deduction as a result of subsection (1).
(4) “Income deduction” means—
(a) a deduction in calculating profits or gains for income tax purposes, or
(b) a deduction in calculating net income.
(1) This section applies if—
(a) an amount is treated as paid under section 602(1)(b) (deemed manufactured payments), and
(b) as a result, one of these sections applies—
(i) section 918 (deduction of income tax at source: manufactured dividends on UK shares: Real Estate Investment Trusts),
(ii) section 919 (deduction of income tax at source: manufactured interest on UK securities),
(iii) section 922 (deduction of income tax at source: manufactured overseas dividends).
(2) So far as the deemed payment is representative of a dividend on UK shares—
(a) paid by a company to which Part 4 of FA 2006 applies in respect of profits of C (tax-exempt), or
(b) paid by a group to which that Part applies in respect of profits of G (property rental business),
any deduction which (as a result of section 918) is required to be made out of the gross amount of the payment is treated as made.
(3) If the deemed payment is representative of a periodical payment of interest on UK securities, any deduction which (as a result of section 919) is required to be made out of the gross amount of the payment is treated as made.
(4) If the deemed payment is representative of an overseas dividend on overseas securities, any deduction which (as a result of section 922) is required to be made out of the gross amount of the payment is treated as made.
(1) This section applies if—
(a) an amount is treated as paid under section 602(1)(b) (deemed manufactured payments), and
(b) as a result, one of these sections applies—
(i) section 573 (manufactured dividends on UK shares),
(ii) section 576 (manufactured dividends on UK shares: Real Estate Investment Trusts),
(iii) section 578 (manufactured interest on UK securities),
(iv) section 581 (manufactured overseas dividends).
Income Tax Act 2007