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Proceeds of Crime Act 2002

2002 CHAPTER 29

CONTENTS

Go to Preamble

  1. Part 1

    Assets Recovery Agency

    1. 1. The Agency and its Director

    2. 2. Director’s functions: general

    3. 3. Accreditation and training

    4. 4. Co-operation

    5. 5. Advice and assistance

  2. Part 2

    Confiscation: England and Wales

    1. Confiscation orders

      1. 6. Making of order

      2. 7. Recoverable amount

      3. 8. Defendant’s benefit

      4. 9. Available amount

      5. 10. Assumptions to be made in case of criminal lifestyle

      6. 11. Time for payment

      7. 12. Interest on unpaid sums

      8. 13. Effect of order on court’s other powers

    2. Procedural matters

      1. 14. Postponement

      2. 15. Effect of postponement

      3. 16. Statement of information

      4. 17. Defendant’s response to statement of information

      5. 18. Provision of information by defendant

    3. Reconsideration

      1. 19. No order made: reconsideration of case

      2. 20. No order made: reconsideration of benefit

      3. 21. Order made: reconsideration of benefit

      4. 22. Order made: reconsideration of available amount

      5. 23. Inadequacy of available amount: variation of order

      6. 24. Inadequacy of available amount: discharge of order

      7. 25. Small amount outstanding: discharge of order

      8. 26. Information

    4. Defendant absconds

      1. 27. Defendant convicted or committed

      2. 28. Defendant neither convicted nor acquitted

      3. 29. Variation of order

      4. 30. Discharge of order

    5. Appeals

      1. 31. Appeal by prosecutor or Director

      2. 32. Court’s powers on appeal

      3. 33. Appeal to House of Lords

    6. Enforcement authority

      1. 34. Enforcement authority

    7. Enforcement as fines etc

      1. 35. Director not appointed as enforcement authority

      2. 36. Director appointed as enforcement authority

      3. 37. Director’s application for enforcement

      4. 38. Provisions about imprisonment or detention

      5. 39. Reconsideration etc: variation of prison term

    8. Restraint orders

      1. 40. Conditions for exercise of powers

      2. 41. Restraint orders

      3. 42. Application, discharge and variation

      4. 43. Appeal to Court of Appeal

      5. 44. Appeal to House of Lords

      6. 45. Seizure

      7. 46. Hearsay evidence

      8. 47. Supplementary

    9. Management receivers

      1. 48. Appointment

      2. 49. Powers

    10. Enforcement receivers

      1. 50. Appointment

      2. 51. Powers

    11. Director’s receivers

      1. 52. Appointment

      2. 53. Powers

    12. Application of sums

      1. 54. Enforcement receivers

      2. 55. Sums received by justices' chief executive

      3. 56. Director’s receivers

      4. 57. Sums received by Director

    13. Restrictions

      1. 58. Restraint orders

      2. 59. Enforcement receivers

      3. 60. Director’s receivers

    14. Receivers: further provisions

      1. 61. Protection

      2. 62. Further applications

      3. 63. Discharge and variation

      4. 64. Management receivers: discharge

      5. 65. Appeal to Court of Appeal

      6. 66. Appeal to House of Lords

    15. Seized money

      1. 67. Seized money

    16. Financial investigators

      1. 68. Applications and appeals

    17. Exercise of powers

      1. 69. Powers of court and receiver

    18. Committal

      1. 70. Committal by magistrates' court

      2. 71. Sentencing by Crown Court

    19. Compensation

      1. 72. Serious default

      2. 73. Order varied or discharged

    20. Enforcement abroad

      1. 74. Enforcement abroad

    21. Interpretation

      1. 75. Criminal lifestyle

      2. 76. Conduct and benefit

      3. 77. Tainted gifts

      4. 78. Gifts and their recipients

      5. 79. Value: the basic rule

      6. 80. Value of property obtained from conduct

      7. 81. Value of tainted gifts

      8. 82. Free property

      9. 83. Realisable property

      10. 84. Property: general provisions

      11. 85. Proceedings

      12. 86. Applications

      13. 87. Confiscation orders

      14. 88. Other interpretative provisions

    22. General

      1. 89. Procedure on appeal to the Court of Appeal

      2. 90. Procedure on appeal to the House of Lords

      3. 91. Crown Court Rules

  3. Part 3

    Confiscation: Scotland

    1. Confiscation orders

      1. 92. Making of order

      2. 93. Recoverable amount

      3. 94. Accused’s benefit

      4. 95. Available amount

      5. 96. Assumptions to be made in case of criminal lifestyle

      6. 97. Effect of order on court’s other powers

      7. 98. Disposal of family home

    2. Procedural matters

      1. 99. Postponement

      2. 100. Effect of postponement

      3. 101. Statement of information

      4. 102. Accused’s response to statement of information

      5. 103. Provision of information by accused

    3. Reconsideration

      1. 104. No order made: reconsideration of case

      2. 105. No order made: reconsideration of benefit

      3. 106. Order made: reconsideration of benefit

      4. 107. Order made: reconsideration of available amount

      5. 108. Inadequacy of available amount: variation of order

      6. 109. Inadequacy of available amount: discharge of order

      7. 110. Information

    4. Accused unlawfully at large

      1. 111. Conviction or other disposal of accused

      2. 112. Accused neither convicted nor acquitted

      3. 113. Variation of order

      4. 114. Discharge of order

    5. Appeals

      1. 115. Appeal by prosecutor

    6. Payment and enforcement

      1. 116. Time for payment

      2. 117. Interest on unpaid sums

      3. 118. Application of provisions about fine enforcement

    7. Restraint orders etc

      1. 119. Conditions for exercise of powers

      2. 120. Restraint orders etc

      3. 121. Application, recall and variation

      4. 122. Appeals

      5. 123. Inhibition of property affected by order

      6. 124. Arrestment of property affected by order

      7. 125. Management administrators

      8. 126. Seizure

      9. 127. Restraint orders: restriction on proceedings and remedies

    8. Realisation of property: general

      1. 128. Enforcement administrators

      2. 129. Management administrators: discharge

      3. 130. Application of sums by enforcement administrator

      4. 131. Sums received by clerk of court

    9. Exercise of powers

      1. 132. Powers of court and administrator

    10. Administrators: general

      1. 133. Protection of administrators

      2. 134. Protection of persons affected

      3. 135. Recall and variation of order

      4. 136. Appeals

      5. 137. Administrators: further provision

      6. 138. Administrators: restriction on proceedings and remedies

    11. Compensation

      1. 139. Serious default

      2. 140. Confiscation order varied or discharged

    12. Enforcement abroad

      1. 141. Enforcement abroad

    13. Interpretation

      1. 142. Criminal lifestyle

      2. 143. Conduct and benefit

      3. 144. Tainted gifts and their recipients

      4. 145. Value: the basic rule

      5. 146. Value of property obtained from conduct

      6. 147. Value of tainted gifts

      7. 148. Free property

      8. 149. Realisable property

      9. 150. Property: general provisions

      10. 151. Proceedings

      11. 152. Applications

      12. 153. Satisfaction of confiscation orders

      13. 154. Other interpretative provisions

    14. General

      1. 155. Rules of court

  4. Part 4

    Confiscation: Northern Ireland

    1. Confiscation orders

      1. 156. Making of order

      2. 157. Recoverable amount

      3. 158. Defendant’s benefit

      4. 159. Available amount

      5. 160. Assumptions to be made in case of criminal lifestyle

      6. 161. Time for payment

      7. 162. Interest on unpaid sums

      8. 163. Effect of order on court’s other powers

    2. Procedural matters

      1. 164. Postponement

      2. 165. Effect of postponement

      3. 166. Statement of information

      4. 167. Defendant’s response to statement of information

      5. 168. Provision of information by defendant

    3. Reconsideration

      1. 169. No order made: reconsideration of case

      2. 170. No order made: reconsideration of benefit

      3. 171. Order made: reconsideration of benefit

      4. 172. Order made: reconsideration of available amount

      5. 173. Inadequacy of available amount: variation of order

      6. 174. Inadequacy of available amount: discharge of order

      7. 175. Small amount outstanding: discharge of order

      8. 176. Information

    4. Defendant absconds

      1. 177. Defendant convicted or committed

      2. 178. Defendant neither convicted nor acquitted

      3. 179. Variation of order

      4. 180. Discharge of order

    5. Appeals

      1. 181. Appeal by prosecutor or Director

      2. 182. Court’s powers on appeal

      3. 183. Appeal to House of Lords

    6. Enforcement authority

      1. 184. Enforcement authority

    7. Enforcement as fines etc

      1. 185. Enforcement as fines etc

      2. 186. Director’s application for enforcement

      3. 187. Provisions about imprisonment or detention

      4. 188. Reconsideration etc: variation of prison term

    8. Restraint orders

      1. 189. Conditions for exercise of powers

      2. 190. Restraint orders

      3. 191. Application, discharge and variation

      4. 192. Appeal to Court of Appeal

      5. 193. Appeal to House of Lords

      6. 194. Seizure

      7. 195. Supplementary

    9. Management receivers

      1. 196. Appointment

      2. 197. Powers

    10. Enforcement receivers

      1. 198. Appointment

      2. 199. Powers

    11. Director’s receivers

      1. 200. Appointment

      2. 201. Powers

    12. Application of sums

      1. 202. Enforcement receivers

      2. 203. Sums received by chief clerk

      3. 204. Director’s receivers

      4. 205. Sums received by Director

    13. Restrictions

      1. 206. Restraint orders

      2. 207. Enforcement receivers

      3. 208. Director’s receivers

    14. Receivers: further provisions

      1. 209. Protection

      2. 210. Further applications

      3. 211. Discharge and variation

      4. 212. Management receivers: discharge

      5. 213. Appeal to Court of Appeal

      6. 214. Appeal to House of Lords

    15. Seized money

      1. 215. Seized money

    16. Financial investigators

      1. 216. Applications and appeals

    17. Exercise of powers

      1. 217. Powers of court and receiver

    18. Committal

      1. 218. Committal by magistrates' court

      2. 219. Sentencing by Crown Court

    19. Compensation

      1. 220. Serious default

      2. 221. Order varied or discharged

    20. Enforcement abroad

      1. 222. Enforcement abroad

    21. Interpretation

      1. 223. Criminal lifestyle

      2. 224. Conduct and benefit

      3. 225. Tainted gifts

      4. 226. Gifts and their recipients

      5. 227. Value: the basic rule

      6. 228. Value of property obtained from conduct

      7. 229. Value of tainted gifts

      8. 230. Free property

      9. 231. Realisable property

      10. 232. Property: general provisions

      11. 233. Proceedings

      12. 234. Applications

      13. 235. Confiscation orders

      14. 236. Other interpretative provisions

    22. General

      1. 237. Procedure on appeal to the Court of Appeal

      2. 238. Procedure on appeal to the House of Lords

      3. 239. Crown Court Rules

  5. Part 5

    Civil recovery of the proceeds etc. of unlawful conduct

    1. Chapter 1

      Introductory

      1. 240. General purpose of this Part

      2. 241. “Unlawful conduct”

      3. 242. “Property obtained through unlawful conduct”

    2. Chapter 2

      Civil recovery in the High Court or Court of Session

      1. Proceedings for recovery orders

        1. 243. Proceedings for recovery orders in England and Wales or Northern Ireland

        2. 244. Proceedings for recovery orders in Scotland

        3. 245. “Associated property”

      2. Interim receiving orders (England and Wales and Northern Ireland)

        1. 246. Application for interim receiving order

        2. 247. Functions of interim receiver

        3. 248. Registration

        4. 249. Registration (Northern Ireland)

        5. 250. Duties of respondent etc.

        6. 251. Supervision of interim receiver and variation of order

        7. 252. Restrictions on dealing etc. with property

        8. 253. Restriction on proceedings and remedies

        9. 254. Exclusion of property which is not recoverable etc.

        10. 255. Reporting

      3. Interim administration orders (Scotland)

        1. 256. Application for interim administration order

        2. 257. Functions of interim administrator

        3. 258. Inhibition of property affected by order

        4. 259. Duties of respondent etc.

        5. 260. Supervision of interim administrator and variation of order

        6. 261. Restrictions on dealing etc. with property

        7. 262. Restriction on proceedings and remedies

        8. 263. Exclusion of property which is not recoverable etc.

        9. 264. Reporting

        10. 265. Arrestment of property affected by interim administration order

      4. Vesting and realisation of recoverable property

        1. 266. Recovery orders

        2. 267. Functions of the trustee for civil recovery

        3. 268. Recording of recovery order (Scotland)

        4. 269. Rights of pre-emption, etc.

        5. 270. Associated and joint property

        6. 271. Agreements about associated and joint property

        7. 272. Associated and joint property: default of agreement

        8. 273. Payments in respect of rights under pension schemes

        9. 274. Consequential adjustment of liabilities under pension schemes

        10. 275. Pension schemes: supplementary

        11. 276. Consent orders

        12. 277. Consent orders: pensions

        13. 278. Limit on recovery

        14. 279. Section 278: supplementary

        15. 280. Applying realised proceeds

      5. Exemptions etc.

        1. 281. Victims of theft, etc.

        2. 282. Other exemptions

      6. Miscellaneous

        1. 283. Compensation

        2. 284. Payment of interim administrator or trustee (Scotland)

        3. 285. Effect on diligence of recovery order (Scotland)

        4. 286. Scope of powers (Scotland)

        5. 287. Financial threshold

        6. 288. Limitation

    3. Chapter 3

      Recovery of cash in summary proceedings

      1. Searches

        1. 289. Searches

        2. 290. Prior approval

        3. 291. Report on exercise of powers

        4. 292. Code of practice

        5. 293. Code of practice (Scotland)

      2. Seizure and detention

        1. 294. Seizure of cash

        2. 295. Detention of seized cash

        3. 296. Interest

        4. 297. Release of detained cash

      3. Forfeiture

        1. 298. Forfeiture

        2. 299. Appeal against forfeiture

        3. 300. Application of forfeited cash

      4. Supplementary

        1. 301. Victims and other owners

        2. 302. Compensation

        3. 303. “The minimum amount”

    4. Chapter 4

      General

      1. Recoverable property

        1. 304. Property obtained through unlawful conduct

        2. 305. Tracing property, etc.

        3. 306. Mixing property

        4. 307. Recoverable property: accruing profits

        5. 308. General exceptions

        6. 309. Other exemptions

        7. 310. Granting interests

      2. Insolvency

        1. 311. Insolvency

      3. Delegation of enforcement functions

        1. 312. Performance of functions of Scottish Ministers by constables in Scotland

        2. 313. Restriction on performance of Director’s functions by police

      4. Interpretation

        1. 314. Obtaining and disposing of property

        2. 315. Northern Ireland courts

        3. 316. General interpretation

  6. Part 6

    Revenue Functions

    1. General functions

      1. 317. Director’s general Revenue functions

      2. 318. Revenue functions regarding employment

      3. 319. Source of income

      4. 320. Appeals

    2. Inheritance tax functions

      1. 321. Director’s functions: transfers of value

      2. 322. Director’s functions: certain settlements

    3. General

      1. 323. Functions

      2. 324. Exercise of Revenue functions

      3. 325. Declarations

      4. 326. Interpretation

  7. Part 7

    Money Laundering

    1. Offences

      1. 327. Concealing etc

      2. 328. Arrangements

      3. 329. Acquisition, use and possession

      4. 330. Failure to disclose: regulated sector

      5. 331. Failure to disclose: nominated officers in the regulated sector

      6. 332. Failure to disclose: other nominated officers

      7. 333. Tipping off

      8. 334. Penalties

    2. Consent

      1. 335. Appropriate consent

      2. 336. Nominated officer: consent

    3. Disclosures

      1. 337. Protected disclosures

      2. 338. Authorised disclosures

      3. 339. Form and manner of disclosures

    4. Interpretation

      1. 340. Interpretation

  8. Part 8

    Investigations

    1. Chapter 1

      Introduction

      1. 341. Investigations

      2. 342. Offences of prejudicing investigation

    2. Chapter 2

      England and Wales and Northern Ireland

      1. Judges and courts

        1. 343. Judges

        2. 344. Courts

      2. Production orders

        1. 345. Production orders

        2. 346. Requirements for making of production order

        3. 347. Order to grant entry

        4. 348. Further provisions

        5. 349. Computer information

        6. 350. Government departments

        7. 351. Supplementary

      3. Search and seizure warrants

        1. 352. Search and seizure warrants

        2. 353. Requirements where production order not available

        3. 354. Further provisions: general

        4. 355. Further provisions: confiscation and money laundering

        5. 356. Further provisions: civil recovery

      4. Disclosure orders

        1. 357. Disclosure orders

        2. 358. Requirements for making of disclosure order

        3. 359. Offences

        4. 360. Statements

        5. 361. Further provisions

        6. 362. Supplementary

      5. Customer information orders

        1. 363. Customer information orders

        2. 364. Meaning of customer information

        3. 365. Requirements for making of customer information order

        4. 366. Offences

        5. 367. Statements

        6. 368. Disclosure of information

        7. 369. Supplementary

      6. Account monitoring orders

        1. 370. Account monitoring orders

        2. 371. Requirements for making of account monitoring order

        3. 372. Statements

        4. 373. Applications

        5. 374. Disclosure of information

        6. 375. Supplementary

      7. Evidence overseas

        1. 376. Evidence overseas

      8. Code of practice

        1. 377. Code of practice

      9. Interpretation

        1. 378. Officers

        2. 379. Miscellaneous

    3. Chapter 3

      Scotland

      1. Production orders

        1. 380. Production orders

        2. 381. Requirements for making of production order

        3. 382. Order to grant entry

        4. 383. Further provisions

        5. 384. Computer information

        6. 385. Government departments

        7. 386. Supplementary

      2. Search warrants

        1. 387. Search warrants

        2. 388. Requirements where production order not available

        3. 389. Further provisions: general

        4. 390. Further provisions: confiscation, civil recovery and money laundering

      3. Disclosure orders

        1. 391. Disclosure orders

        2. 392. Requirements for making of disclosure order

        3. 393. Offences

        4. 394. Statements

        5. 395. Further provisions

        6. 396. Supplementary

      4. Customer information orders

        1. 397. Customer information orders

        2. 398. Meaning of customer information

        3. 399. Requirements for making of customer information order

        4. 400. Offences

        5. 401. Statements

        6. 402. Further provisions

        7. 403. Supplementary

      5. Account monitoring orders

        1. 404. Account monitoring orders

        2. 405. Requirements for making of account monitoring order

        3. 406. Statements

        4. 407. Further provisions

        5. 408. Supplementary

      6. General

        1. 409. Jurisdiction of sheriff

        2. 410. Code of practice

        3. 411. Performance of functions of Scottish Ministers by constables in Scotland

        4. 412. Interpretation

    4. Chapter 4

      Interpretation

      1. 413. Criminal conduct

      2. 414. Property

      3. 415. Money laundering offences

      4. 416. Other interpretative provisions

  9. Part 9

    Insolvency etc.

    1. Bankruptcy in England and Wales

      1. 417. Modifications of the 1986 Act

      2. 418. Restriction of powers

      3. 419. Tainted gifts

    2. Sequestration in Scotland

      1. 420. Modifications of the 1985 Act

      2. 421. Restriction of powers

      3. 422. Tainted gifts

    3. Bankruptcy in Northern Ireland

      1. 423. Modifications of the 1989 Order

      2. 424. Restriction of powers

      3. 425. Tainted gifts

    4. Winding up in England and Wales and Scotland

      1. 426. Winding up under the 1986 Act

      2. 427. Tainted gifts

    5. Winding up in Northern Ireland

      1. 428. Winding up under the 1989 Order

      2. 429. Tainted gifts

    6. Floating charges

      1. 430. Floating charges

    7. Limited liability partnerships

      1. 431. Limited liability partnerships

    8. Insolvency practitioners

      1. 432. Insolvency practitioners

      2. 433. Meaning of insolvency practitioner

    9. Interpretation

      1. 434. Interpretation

  10. Part 10

    Information

    1. England and Wales and Northern Ireland

      1. 435. Use of information by Director

      2. 436. Disclosure of information to Director

      3. 437. Further disclosure

      4. 438. Disclosure of information by Director

    2. Scotland

      1. 439. Disclosure of information to Lord Advocate and to Scottish Ministers

      2. 440. Further disclosure

      3. 441. Disclosure of information by Lord Advocate and by Scottish Ministers

    3. Overseas purposes

      1. 442. Restriction on disclosure for overseas purposes

  11. Part 11

    Co-operation

    1. 443. Enforcement in different parts of the United Kingdom

    2. 444. External requests and orders

    3. 445. External investigations

    4. 446. Rules of court

    5. 447. Interpretation

  12. Part 12

    Miscellaneous and general

    1. Miscellaneous

      1. 448. Tax

      2. 449. Agency staff: pseudonyms

      3. 450. Pseudonyms: Scotland

      4. 451. Customs and Excise prosecutions

      5. 452. Crown servants

      6. 453. References to financial investigators

      7. 454. Customs officers

      8. 455. Enactment

    2. General

      1. 456. Amendments

      2. 457. Repeals and revocations

      3. 458. Commencement

      4. 459. Orders and regulations

      5. 460. Finance

      6. 461. Extent

      7. 462. Short title

    1. Schedule 1

      Assets Recovery Agency

    2. Schedule 2

      Lifestyle offences: England and Wales

    3. Schedule 3

      Administrators: further provision

    4. Schedule 4

      Lifestyle offences: Scotland

    5. Schedule 5

      Lifestyle offences: Northern Ireland

    6. Schedule 6

      Powers of interim receiver or administrator

    7. Schedule 7

      Powers of trustee for civil recovery

    8. Schedule 8

      Forms of declarations

    9. Schedule 9

      Regulated sector and supervisory authorities

      1. Part 1

        Regulated sector

      2. Part 2

        Supervisory authorities

      3. Part 3

        Power to amend

    10. Schedule 10

      Tax

      1. Part 1

        General

      2. Part 2

        Provisions relating to Part 5

    11. Schedule 11

      Amendments

    12. Schedule 12

      Repeals and revocations

An Act to establish the Assets Recovery Agency and make provision about the appointment of its Director and his functions (including Revenue functions), to provide for confiscation orders in relation to persons who benefit from criminal conduct and for restraint orders to prohibit dealing with property, to allow the recovery of property which is or represents property obtained through unlawful conduct or which is intended to be used in unlawful conduct, to make provision about money laundering, to make provision about investigations relating to benefit from criminal conduct or to property which is or represents property obtained through unlawful conduct or to money laundering, to make provision to give effect to overseas requests and orders made where property is found or believed to be obtained through criminal conduct, and for connected purposes.

[24th July 2002]

Be it enacted by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—

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