PART II continued CHAPTER I continued
Where a company carries on a trade, the profits or losses of the trade for an accounting period shall for the purposes of corporation tax be computed and expressed in sterling; but this is subject to any regulations under section 93 or 94 below.
(1) Regulations may provide that where a company carries on a trade the basic profits or losses of the trade for an accounting period shall for the purposes of corporation tax be computed and expressed in such currency (other than sterling) as is found in accordance with prescribed rules, in a case where—
(a) prescribed conditions are fulfilled, and
(b) an election is made by the company in accordance with the regulations and has effect for the accounting period concerned by virtue of the regulations.
(2) For the purposes of this section the basic profits or losses of a trade for an accounting period are all the profits or losses of the trade for the period, but leaving out of account—
(a) any trading receipt of the trade in the period, and any trading expense of the trade in the period, that arises by virtue of section 144(2) of the [1990 c. 1.] Capital Allowances Act 1990 (which makes provision about giving effect to allowances and charges);
(b) any amount mentioned in section 142(4) below and treated as received in respect of the trade and in respect of the period.
(3) Subsections (4) and (5) below apply where the basic profits or losses of a trade for an accounting period are for the purposes of corporation tax to be computed and expressed in a currency other than sterling.
(4) The amount of the basic profits or losses shall be treated for the purposes of corporation tax as the sterling equivalent of their amount expressed in the other currency.
(5) The profits or losses of the trade for the period shall for the purposes of corporation tax be found by taking the amount of the basic profits or losses found in sterling under subsection (4) above and then—
(a) taking account of any trading receipt of the trade in the period, and any trading expense of the trade in the period, that arises by virtue of section 144(2) of the [1990 c. 1.] Capital Allowances Act 1990, and
(b) taking account (as provided by section 142 below) of any amount mentioned in section 142(4) and treated as received in respect of the trade and in respect of the period.
(6) For the purposes of subsection (4) above the sterling equivalent of an amount is the sterling equivalent calculated by reference to—
(a) such rate of exchange as is found under prescribed rules, or
(b) if no such rules apply in the case concerned, the London closing exchange rate for the last day of the accounting period concerned.
(1) Regulations may make provision under this section as regards a case where in an accounting period—
(a) a company carries on part of a trade in the United Kingdom, and carries on a different part of the trade through an overseas branch or different parts through different overseas branches, or
(b) a company carries on different parts of a trade through different overseas branches;
and “overseas branch” means a branch outside the United Kingdom.
(2) Regulations may provide that the basic profits or losses of different parts of the trade for an accounting period shall for the purposes of corporation tax be computed and expressed in such different currencies as are found in accordance with prescribed rules, in a case where—
(a) prescribed conditions are fulfilled, and
(b) an election is made by the company in accordance with the regulations and has effect for the accounting period concerned by virtue of the regulations.
(3) The regulations must be so framed that—
(a) one currency is used for each part;
(b) at least two currencies are used;
(c) subject to paragraph (b) above, the same currency may be used for more than one part;
(d) if no election is made as regards a particular part, sterling is to be used for that part.
(4) For the purposes of this section the basic profits or losses of part of a trade for an accounting period are all the profits or losses of the part for the period; but this is subject to subsections (5) and (6) below.
(5) No account shall be taken of any trading receipt of the trade in the period, and any trading expense of the trade in the period, that arises by virtue of section 144(2) of the [1990 c. 1.] Capital Allowances Act 1990 (which makes provision about giving effect to allowances and charges).
(6) Where the basic profits or losses of the part of the trade for the period are for the purposes of corporation tax to be computed and expressed in a currency other than sterling, no account shall be taken of any amount mentioned in section 142(4) below and treated as received in respect of the part of the trade and in respect of the period.
(7) Where the basic profits or losses of different parts of a trade for an accounting period are for the purposes of corporation tax to be computed and expressed in two or more different currencies, subsections (8) to (10) below have effect for finding the profits or losses of the trade for the period for the purposes of corporation tax.
(8) Where the basic profits or losses of any part are for the purposes of corporation tax to be computed and expressed in a currency other than sterling—
(a) find the sterling equivalent of their amount expressed in the other currency, then
(b) take account (as provided by section 142 below) of any amount mentioned in section 142(4) and treated as received in respect of the part and in respect of the period, then
(c) call the result the accountable profits or losses of the part for the period.
(9) Where the basic profits or losses of any part are for the purposes of corporation tax to be computed and expressed in sterling, take those profits or losses and call them the accountable profits or losses of the part for the period.
(10) The profits or losses of the trade for the period for the purposes of corporation tax shall then be found by—
(a) taking account of the accountable profits or losses of the different parts for the period, and
(b) then taking account of any trading receipt of the trade in the period, and any trading expense of the trade in the period, that arises by virtue of section 144(2) of the Capital Allowances Act 1990.
(11) For the purposes of subsection (8) above the sterling equivalent of an amount is the sterling equivalent calculated by reference to—
(a) such rate of exchange as is found under prescribed rules, or
(b) if no such rules apply in the case concerned, the London closing exchange rate for the last day of the accounting period concerned.
(1) Regulations under section 93 or 94 above may include—
(a) provision that an election may in prescribed circumstances have effect from a time before it is made;
(b) provision that prescribed conditions shall be treated as fulfilled in prescribed circumstances (subject to any provision under paragraph (c) below);
(c) provision that prescribed conditions shall be treated as not having been fulfilled if the inspector notifies the company that he is not satisfied that they are fulfilled;
(d) provision for an appeal from the inspector’s notification;
and any provision under paragraph (c) above may allow a notification to be made after the accounting period ends.
(2) The power to make regulations under section 93 or 94 above shall be exercisable by the Treasury by statutory instrument subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the House of Commons.
(3) In sections 93 and 94 above “prescribed” means prescribed by regulations made under the section concerned.
(4) Where as regards a trade and for an accounting period—
(a) an election is made under regulations made under section 93 above, or
(b) an election is made under regulations made under section 94 above,
no election may be made as regards the trade for the period under regulations made under the other section.
(5) For the purposes of sections 93 and 94 above the ecu shall be regarded as a currency other than sterling; and the reference here to the ecu is to the European currency unit as defined for the time being in Council Regulation No. 3180/78/EEC or in any Community instrument replacing it.
(6) Sections 92 to 94 above apply in relation to any accounting period beginning on or after the day appointed under section 165(7)(b) below.
(1) In Schedule 24 to the Taxes Act 1988 (assumptions for calculating chargeable profits, creditable tax and corresponding United Kingdom tax of foreign companies) the following paragraph shall be inserted after paragraph 4—
“4A (1) Sub-paragraph (2) below applies where—
(a) the company carries on a trade, and
(b) the currency used in the accounts of the company for an accounting period is a currency other than sterling.
(2) It shall be assumed that by virtue of regulations under section 93 of the Finance Act 1993 (corporation tax: currency to be used) the basic profits or losses of the trade for the accounting period are to be computed and expressed for the purposes of corporation tax in the currency used in the accounts of the company for the period.
(3) References in this paragraph to the accounts of a company—
(a) are to the accounts which the company is required by the law of its home State to keep, or
(b) if the company is not required by the law of its home State to keep accounts, are to the accounts of the company which most closely correspond to the individual accounts which companies formed and registered under the [1985 c. 6.] Companies Act 1985 are required by that Act to keep;
and for the purposes of this paragraph the home State of a company is the country or territory under whose law the company is incorporated.
(4) The reference in sub-paragraph (2) above to the basic profits or losses of the trade for the accounting period shall be construed in accordance with section 93 of the Finance Act 1993.”
(2) This section applies in relation to any accounting period beginning on or after the day appointed under section 165(7)(b) below.
(1) The following shall be inserted after section 444A of the Taxes Act 1988—
Schedule 19AC (which makes modifications of this Act in relation to overseas life insurance companies) shall have effect.”
(2) Schedule 9 to this Act (which inserts Schedule 19AC into that Act and makes further provision) shall have effect.
(1) The following section shall be inserted after section 444B of the Taxes Act 1988—
(1) Where the company mentioned in section 440(1) is an overseas life insurance company, section 440 shall have effect with the modifications in subsections (2) and (3) below.
(2) Subsection (4) shall be treated as if—
(a) paragraph (c) were omitted;
(b) in paragraphs (a), (b), (d) and (e), the words “UK assets” were substituted for the word “assets”; and
(c) at the end there were inserted the following paragraphs—
“(f) section 11C assets;
(g) non-UK assets.”
(3) The following subsection shall be treated as inserted at the end of the section—
“(6) For the purposes of this section—
(a) UK assets are—
(i) section 11(2)(b) assets;
(ii) section 11(2)(c) assets; or
(iii) assets which by virtue of section 11B are attributed to the branch or agency in the United Kingdom through which the company carries on life assurance business;
(b) section 11C assets are assets—
(i) (in a case where section 11C (other than subsection (9)) applies) of the relevant fund, other than UK assets; or
(ii) (in a case where that section including that subsection applies) of the relevant funds, other than UK assets;
(c) non-UK assets are assets which are not UK assets or section 11C assets;
and any expression used in this subsection to which a meaning is given by section 11A has that meaning.”
(4) Where one or each of the companies mentioned in section 440(2) is an overseas life insurance company, section 440(2)(b) and (4) shall have effect as if for “categories”, in each place where the word occurs, there were substituted “paragraphs”.
(5) Where the transferor company mentioned in section 440(2) is an overseas life insurance company, section 440 shall have effect, as regards the time immediately before the acquisition, with the modifications in subsections (2) and (3) above.
(6) Where the acquiring company mentioned in section 440(2) is an overseas life insurance company, section 440 shall have effect, as regards the time immediately after the acquisition, with the modifications in subsections (2) and (3) above.”
(2) This section shall apply—
(a) so far as section 440(1) is concerned, as regards events falling on or after the first day of the relevant accounting period of the company concerned;
(b) so far as section 440(2) is concerned, as regards events falling on or after the first day of the relevant accounting period of the transferor company or on or after the first day of the relevant accounting period of the acquiring company (whichever of those days falls later).
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2) above a company’s relevant accounting period is its first accounting period to begin after 31st December 1992.
(1) The following section shall be inserted after section 444C of the Taxes Act 1988—
(1) Subsection (2) below applies where—
(a) an overseas life insurance company receives a qualifying distribution made by a company resident in the United Kingdom; and
(b) the distribution (or part of the distribution)—
(i) would fall within paragraph (a), (aa) or (ab) of section 11(2) (as section 11(2) has effect by virtue of Schedule 19AC) but for the exclusion contained in that paragraph; and
(ii) is referable to life assurance business.
(2) Where this subsection applies the recipient shall be treated for the purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts as entitled to such a tax credit in respect of the distribution (or part of the distribution) as it would be entitled to under section 231 if it were resident in the United Kingdom.
(3) Where part only of a qualifying distribution would fall within paragraph (ab) of section 11(2) (as section 11(2) has effect by virtue of Schedule 19AC) but for the exclusion contained in that paragraph, the tax credit to which the recipient shall be treated as entitled by virtue of subsection (2) above is the proportionate part of the tax credit to which the recipient would be so treated as entitled in respect of the whole of the distribution.
(4) In this section “UK distribution income” means income of an overseas life insurance company which consists of a distribution (or part of a distribution) in respect of which the company is entitled to a tax credit (and which accordingly represents income equal to the aggregate of the amount or value of the distribution (or part) and the amount of that credit).
(5) An overseas life insurance company may, on making a claim for the purpose, require that any UK distribution income for an accounting period shall for all or any of the purposes mentioned in subsection (6) below be treated as if it were a like amount of profits chargeable to corporation tax; and where it does so—
(a) the provisions mentioned in subsection (6) below shall apply to reduce the amount of the UK distribution income; and
(b) the company shall be entitled to have paid to it the amount of the tax credits comprised in the amount of UK distribution income which is so reduced.
(6) The purposes for which a claim may be made under subsection (5) above are those of—
(a) the setting of trading losses against total profits under section 393A(1);
(b) the deduction of charges on income under section 338 or paragraph 5 of Schedule 4;
(c) the deduction of expenses of management under section 76;
(d) the setting of certain capital allowances against total profits under section 145(3) of the 1990 Act.
(7) Subsections (3), (4) and (8) of section 242 shall apply for the purposes of a claim under subsection (5) above as they apply for the purposes of a claim under that section.”
(2) In section 431(2) of that Act (definitions), the following definition shall be inserted after the definition of “periodical return”—
““UK distribution income” has the meaning given by section 444D(4);”.
(3) This section shall apply in relation to accounting periods beginning after 31st December 1992.
(1) The following section shall be inserted after section 444D of the Taxes Act 1988—
(1) In computing the income from the investments of an overseas life insurance company attributable to the basic life assurance and general annuity business of the branch or agency in the United Kingdom through which the company carries on life assurance business, any interest, dividends and other payments whatsoever to which section 48 or 123(4) extends shall be included notwithstanding the exemption from tax conferred by those sections.
(2) Where in computing the income referred to in subsection (1) above any interest on any securities issued by the Treasury is excluded by virtue of a condition of the issue of those securities regulating the treatment of the interest on them for tax purposes, the relief under section 76 shall be reduced so that it bears to the amount of relief which would be granted apart from this subsection the same proportion as the amount of that income excluding that interest bears to the amount of that income including that interest.”
(2) In section 475 of that Act (tax-free Treasury securities: exclusion of interest on borrowed money), in subsection (6)—
(a) for “445(8)(b)”, in each place where it occurs, there shall be substituted “444E(2)”;
(b) for the words “of the life assurance fund”, in each place where they occur, there shall be substituted the words “attributable to basic life assurance and general annuity business”.
(3) This section shall apply in relation to accounting periods beginning after 31st December 1992.
(1) The following section shall be inserted after section 89 of the [1989 c. 26.] Finance Act 1989—
Schedule 8A to this Act (which makes modifications of sections 83 and 89 in relation to overseas life insurance companies) shall have effect.”
(2) Schedule 10 to this Act (which inserts Schedule 8A into that Act) shall have effect.
(1) The following section shall be inserted after section 214A of the [1992 c. 12.] Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992—
Schedule 7B (which makes modifications of this Act in relation to overseas life insurance companies) shall have effect.”
(2) Schedule 11 to this Act (which inserts Schedule 7B into that Act) shall have effect.
(1) In section 431(2) of the Taxes Act 1988 (definitions), in the definition of “overseas life insurance company” for the words “having its head office outside” there shall be substituted the words “not resident in”.
(2) The following provisions of that Act shall cease to have effect—
(a) section 445 (charge to tax on investment income of overseas life insurance company);
(b) section 446(1) (qualifying distributions part of profits of pension business of overseas life insurance company);
(c) section 447(1), (2) and (4) (set-off of income tax and tax credits against corporation tax assessed under section 445);
(d) section 448 (qualifying distributions and tax credits);
(e) section 449 (double taxation agreements);
(f) section 724(5) to (8) (special provisions of accrued income scheme for overseas life insurance companies);
(g) section 811(2)(c) (provision about deduction of foreign tax not to affect overseas life insurance company charged under section 445);
(h) paragraph 1(9) of Schedule 19AB (payments on account of tax credits in case of pension business: special provision for overseas life insurance companies).
(3) Subject to subsection (4) below, this section shall apply in relation to accounting periods beginning after 31st December 1992.
(4) Where in the accounting period of an overseas life insurance company ending immediately before its first accounting period to begin after 31st December 1992 there is such an excess as is mentioned in subsection (7) of section 724 of the Taxes Act 1988, then, notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this section, that subsection shall continue to apply to the company but only—
(a) in relation to that excess; and
(b) if it would have so applied apart from this section.
After section 149 of the [1992 c. 12.] Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 there shall be inserted the following section—
(1) This section applies where—
(a) an option is granted on or after 16th March 1993,
(b) the option consists of a right to acquire shares in a body corporate and is obtained as mentioned in section 185(1) of the Taxes Act (approved share option schemes), and
(c) section 17(1) would (apart from this section) apply for the purposes of calculating the consideration for the grant of the option.
(2) The grantor of the option shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as if section 17(1) did not apply for the purposes of calculating the consideration and, accordingly, as if the amount or value of the consideration was its actual amount or value.
(3) Where the option is granted wholly or partly in recognition of services or past services in any office or employment, the value of those services shall not be taken into account in calculating the actual amount or value of the consideration.
(4) The preceding provisions of this section shall not affect the treatment for the purposes of this Act of the person to whom the option is granted.”
(1) In section 120(6) of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 (increase in expenditure by reference to tax charged in relation to shares)—
(a) for the words “section 185(6)” there shall be substituted the words “the applicable provision”, and
(b) at the end there shall be inserted “; and in this subsection “the applicable provision” means—
(a) subsection (6) of section 185 of the Taxes Act (as that subsection had effect before the coming into force of section 39(5) of the [1991 c. 31.] Finance Act 1991), or
(b) subsection (6A) of that section.”
(2) The amendments made by subsection (1) above shall be deemed always to have had effect.
(3) In section 32A(5) of the [1979 c. 14.] Capital Gains Tax Act 1979 (expenditure: amounts to be included as consideration)—
(a) for the words “section 185(6)” there shall be substituted the words “the applicable provision”, and
(b) at the end there shall be inserted “; and in this subsection “the applicable provision” means—
(a) subsection (6) of section 185 of the Taxes Act (as that subsection had effect before the coming into force of section 39(5) of the [1991 c. 31.] Finance Act 1991), or
(b) subsection (6A) of that section.”
(4) The [1992 c. 12.] amendments made by subsection (3) above shall be deemed to have come into force on 1st January 1992 (but shall have effect subject to the repeals made by the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992).
The figure £75,000 shall be deemed to be the figure found for the year 1993-94, for the purposes of section 590C of the Taxes Act 1988, by virtue of section 590C(4) and (5) (indexation of earnings cap for retirement benefits schemes and certain other figures).
(1) The Taxes Act 1988 shall be amended as mentioned in subsections (2) to (6) below.
(2) In section 1—
(a) in subsection (4) (indexation of income tax bands) for “December” (in each place) there shall be substituted “September”;
(b) subsection (5) (no change required for PAYE before 18th May) shall be omitted.
(3) In section 257C—
(a) in subsection (1) (indexation of personal allowance and married couple’s allowance) for “December” (in each place) there shall be substituted “September”;
(b) subsection (2) (no change required for PAYE before 18th May) shall be omitted.
(4) In section 590C (earnings cap for retirement benefits schemes) in subsection (5) (indexation) for “December” (in each place) there shall be substituted “September”.
(5) In section 590C the following subsection shall be inserted after subsection (5)—
“(5A) If the retail prices index for the month of September preceding a year of assessment falling within subsection (4) above is not higher than it was for the previous September, the figure for that year shall be the same as the figure for the previous year of assessment.”; and accordingly, in subsection (4) of that section for “subsection (5)” there shall be substituted
(6) In each of the provisions to which this subsection applies (provisions which refer to section 590C(4) and (5)) for “and (5)” there shall be substituted “to (5A)”; and this subsection applies to sections 590B(11), 592(8E), 594(7), 599(12) and 640A(4).
(7) In Schedule 6 to the [1989 c. 26.] Finance Act 1989 (retirement benefits schemes) in paragraphs 20(6) and 22(5) (which refer to section 590C(4) and (5) of the Taxes Act 1988) for “and (5)” there shall be substituted “to (5A)”.
(8) This section shall have effect for the year 1994-95 and subsequent years of assessment.
In Chapter VI of Part XIII of the Taxes Act 1988, after section 589 there shall be inserted the following sections—
(1) This section applies where—
(a) qualifying counselling services are provided to a person (the employee) in connection with the termination of the holding by him of any office or employment, and
(b) the termination takes place on or after 16th March 1993.
(2) This section also applies where—
(a) subsection (1)(a) above applies, and
(b) the termination takes place before 16th March 1993 but relevant expenditure is incurred on or after that date.